1 [[!template id=plugin name=po core=0 author="[[intrigeri]]"]]
4 This plugin adds support for multi-lingual wikis, translated with
5 gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
7 It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).
14 A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
15 language is a "slave" one.
17 A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be
18 of any page type supported by ikiwiki, except `po`. It does not have to be
19 named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page
22 Example: `bla/page.mdwn` is a "master" Markdown page written in
23 English; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is rendered as
24 `bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
26 Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called
27 a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. `po` is now
28 a page type supported by ikiwiki.
30 Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
31 translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
32 rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
37 This plugin does not support the `indexpages` mode. If you don't know
38 what it is, you probably don't care.
47 `po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in
48 `ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
50 po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }
52 `po_slave_languages` is used to set the list of supported "slave"
55 po_slave_languages => { 'fr' => 'Français',
60 Decide which pages are translatable
61 -----------------------------------
63 The `po_translatable_pages` setting configures what pages are
64 translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
65 control over what kind of pages are translatable.
67 The `.po` files are not considered as being translatable, so you don't need to
68 worry about excluding them explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].
73 The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how
74 internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
75 and site-specific preferences.
77 ### Default linking behavior
79 If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
80 linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master
83 ### Link to current language
85 If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
86 `destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
89 - `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
90 - `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled
92 ### Link to negotiated language
94 If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
95 negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
97 (In)compatibility notes:
99 - if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`
100 to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
102 - if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting
103 `po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.
112 Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
113 serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.
114 This is the default Debian Apache configuration.
116 When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
119 Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME
120 language code) for the wiki context can help to ensure
121 `bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.
126 lighttpd unfortunately does not support content negotiation.
128 **FIXME**: does `mod_magnet` provide the functionality needed to
138 When `po_link_to` is not set to `negotiated`, one should replace some
139 occurrences of `BASEURL` with `HOMEPAGEURL` to get correct links to
142 The `ISTRANSLATION` and `ISTRANSLATABLE` variables can be used to
143 display things only on translatable or translation pages.
145 ### Display page's versions in other languages
147 The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
148 versions of the same page, and the translations' status.
150 One typically adds the following code to `templates/page.tmpl`:
152 <TMPL_IF NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
153 <div id="otherlanguages">
155 <TMPL_LOOP NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
157 <a href="<TMPL_VAR NAME="URL">"><TMPL_VAR NAME="LANGUAGE"></a>
158 <TMPL_UNLESS NAME="MASTER">
159 (<TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENT"> %)
167 The following variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):
169 - `URL` - url to the page
170 - `CODE` - two-letters language code
171 - `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
172 - `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
173 - `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents
175 ### Display the current translation status
177 The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation
178 completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages.
180 One can use it this way:
182 <TMPL_IF NAME="ISTRANSLATION">
183 <div id="percenttranslated">
184 <TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENTTRANSLATED">
188 Additional PageSpec tests
189 -------------------------
191 This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
192 additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
194 Automatic PO file update
195 ------------------------
197 Committing changes to a "master" page:
199 1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the "slave" languages;
200 the updated PO files are then put under version control;
201 2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages.
203 Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
204 been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
205 created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
207 Discussion pages and other sub-pages
208 ------------------------------------
210 Discussion should happen in the language in which the pages are
211 written for real, *i.e.* the "master" one. If discussion pages are
212 enabled, "slave" pages therefore link to the "master" page's
215 Likewise, "slave" pages are not supposed to have sub-pages;
216 [[WikiLinks|wikilink]] that appear on a "slave" page therefore link to
217 the master page's sub-pages.
222 One can edit the PO files using ikiwiki's CGI (a message-by-message
223 interface could also be implemented at some point).
225 If [[tips/untrusted_git_push]] is setup, one can edit the PO files in one's
226 preferred `$EDITOR`, without needing to be online.
228 Markup languages support
229 ------------------------
231 Markdown is well supported. Some other markup languages supported by
232 ikiwiki mostly work, but some pieces of syntax are not rendered
233 correctly on the slave pages:
235 * [[reStructuredText|rst]]: anonymous hyperlinks and internal
237 * [[wikitext]]: conversion of newlines to paragraphs
238 * [[creole]]: verbatim text is wrapped, tables are broken
239 * [[html]] and LaTeX: not supported yet; the dedicated po4a modules
240 could be used to support them, but they would need a security audit
241 * other markup languages have not been tested.
252 The only past security issues I could find in GNU gettext and po4a
255 - [CVE-2004-0966](http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2004-0966),
256 *i.e.* [Debian bug #278283](http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=278283):
257 the autopoint and gettextize scripts in the GNU gettext package
258 1.14 and later versions, as used in Trustix Secure Linux 1.5
259 through 2.1 and other operating systems, allows local users to
260 overwrite files via a symlink attack on temporary files.
261 - [CVE-2007-4462](http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2007-4462):
262 `lib/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm` in po4a before 0.32 allows local users to
263 overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the
264 gettextization.failed.po temporary file.
266 **FIXME**: check whether this plugin would have been a possible attack
267 vector to exploit these vulnerabilities.
269 Depending on my mood, the lack of found security issues can either
270 indicate that there are none, or reveal that no-one ever bothered to
271 find (and publish) them.
275 Can any sort of directives be put in po files that will cause mischief
276 (ie, include other files, run commands, crash gettext, whatever)?
278 > No [documented](http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#PO-Files)
279 > directive is supposed to do so. [[--intrigeri]]
281 ### Running po4a on untrusted content
283 Are there any security issues on running po4a on untrusted content?
285 To say the least, this issue is not well covered, at least publicly:
287 - the documentation does not talk about it;
288 - grep'ing the source code for `security` or `trust` gives no answer.
290 On the other hand, a po4a developer answered my questions in
291 a convincing manner, stating that processing untrusted content was not
292 an initial goal, and analysing in detail the possible issues.
296 - the core (`Po.pm`, `Transtractor.pm`) should be safe
297 - po4a source code was fully checked for other potential symlink
298 attacks, after discovery of one such issue
299 - the only external program run by the core is `diff`, in `Po.pm` (in
300 parts of its code we don't use)
301 - `Locale::gettext`: only used to display translated error messages
302 - Nicolas François "hopes" `DynaLoader` is safe, and has "no reason to
303 think that `Encode` is not safe"
304 - Nicolas François has "no reason to think that `Encode::Guess` is not
305 safe". The po plugin nevertheless avoids using it by defining the
306 input charset (`file_in_charset`) before asking `Transtractor` to
307 read any file. NB: this hack depends on po4a internals to stay
310 ##### Locale::Po4a modules
312 The modules we want to use have to be checked, as not all are safe
313 (e.g. the LaTeX module's behaviour is changed by commands included in
314 the content); they may use regexps generated from the content.
316 `Chooser.pm` only loads the plugin we tell it too: currently, this
317 means the `Text` module only.
319 `Text` module (I checked the CVS version):
321 - it does not run any external program
322 - only `do_paragraph()` builds regexp's that expand untrusted
323 variables; they seem safe to me, but someone more expert than me
324 will need to check. Joey?
326 > Freaky code, but seems ok due to use of `quotementa`.
332 `Text::WrapI18N` can cause DoS (see the
333 [Debian bug #470250](http://bugs.debian.org/470250)), but it is
334 optional and we do not need the features it provides.
336 > If a recent enough po4a is installed, this module's use is fully disabled.
337 > This feature has been merged in po4a CVS on 2009-01-15. --[[intrigeri]]
341 `Term::ReadKey` is not a hard dependency in our case, *i.e.* po4a
342 works nicely without it. But the po4a Debian package recommends
343 `libterm-readkey-perl`, so it will probably be installed on most
344 systems using the po plugin.
346 `Term::ReadKey` has too far reaching implications for us to
347 be able to guarantee anything wrt. security.
349 > The option that disables `Text::WrapI18N` also disables
350 > `Term::ReadKey` as a consequence. [[--intrigeri]]
354 `refreshpofiles()` runs this external program.
356 A po4a developer answered he does "not expect any security issues from
357 it". I did not manage to crash it with `zzuf`, nor was able to find
358 any past security holes.
362 `isvalidpo()` runs this external program.
364 * I could not manage to make it behave badly using zzuf, it exits
365 cleanly when too many errors are detected.
366 * I could not find any past security holes.
372 - a 21M file containing 100 concatenated copies of all the files in my
373 `/usr/share/common-licenses/`; I had no existing PO file or
374 translated versions at hand, which renders these tests
376 - po4a was the Debian 0.34-2 package; the same tests were also run
377 after replacing the `Text` module with the CVS one (the core was not
378 changed in CVS since 0.34-2 was released), without any significant
379 difference in the results.
384 `po4a-gettextize` uses more or less the same po4a features as our
385 `refreshpot` function.
387 Without specifying an input charset, zzuf'ed `po4a-gettextize` quickly
388 errors out, complaining it was not able to detect the input charset;
389 it leaves no incomplete file on disk.
391 So I had to pretend the input was in UTF-8, as does the po plugin.
393 Two ways of crashing were revealed by this command-line:
395 zzuf -vc -s 0:100 -r 0.1:0.5 \
396 po4a-gettextize -f text -o markdown -M utf-8 -L utf-8 \
397 -m LICENSES >/dev/null
401 Malformed UTF-8 character (UTF-16 surrogate 0xdcc9) in substitution iterator at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
402 Malformed UTF-8 character (fatal) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
406 Malformed UTF-8 character (UTF-16 surrogate 0xdcec) in substitution (s///) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
407 Malformed UTF-8 character (fatal) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
409 Perl seems to exit cleanly, and an incomplete PO file is written on
410 disk. I not sure whether if this is a bug in Perl or in `Po.pm`.
412 > It's fairly standard perl behavior when fed malformed utf-8. As long as it doesn't
413 > crash ikiwiki, it's probably acceptable. Ikiwiki can do some similar things itself when fed malformed utf-8 (doesn't crash tho) --[[Joey]]
417 `po4a-translate` uses more or less the same po4a features as our
420 Without specifying an input charset, same behaviour as
421 `po4a-gettextize`, so let's specify UTF-8 as input charset as of now.
424 po4a-translate -d -f text -o markdown -M utf-8 -L utf-8 \
425 -k 0 -m LICENSES -p LICENSES.fr.po -l test.fr
427 ... prints tons of occurences of the following error, but a complete
428 translated document is written (obviously with some weird chars
431 Use of uninitialized value in string ne at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/TransTractor.pm line 854.
432 Use of uninitialized value in string ne at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/TransTractor.pm line 840.
433 Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1002.
437 zzuf -cv -s 0:10 -r 0.001:0.3 \
438 po4a-translate -d -f text -o markdown -M utf-8 -L utf-8 \
439 -k 0 -m LICENSES -p LICENSES.fr.po -l test.fr
441 ... seems to lose the fight, at the `readpo(LICENSES.fr.po)` step,
442 against some kind of infinite loop, deadlock, or any similar beast.
444 The root of this bug lies in `Text::WrapI18N`, see above for
447 gettext/po4a rough corners
448 --------------------------
450 - fix infinite loop when synchronizing two ikiwiki (when checkouts
451 live in different directories): say bla.fr.po has been updated in
452 repo2; pulling repo2 from repo1 seems to trigger a PO update, that
453 changes bla.fr.po in repo1; then pushing repo1 to repo2 triggers
454 a PO update, that changes bla.fr.po in repo2; etc.; quickly fixed in
455 `629968fc89bced6727981c0a1138072631751fee`, by disabling references
456 in Pot files. Using `Locale::Po4a::write_if_needed` might be
457 a cleaner solution. (warning: this function runs the external
458 `diff` program, have to check security)
459 - new translations created in the web interface must get proper
460 charset/encoding gettext metadata, else the next automatic PO update
461 removes any non-ascii chars; possible solution: put such metadata
462 into the Pot file, and let it propagate; should be fixed in
463 `773de05a7a1ee68d2bed173367cf5e716884945a`, time will tell.
468 ### Page title in links
471 [[bugs/pagetitle_function_does_not_respect_meta_titles]] from
472 [[intrigeri]]'s `meta` branch, the generated links' text is based on
473 the page titles set with the [[meta|plugins/meta]] plugin. This has to
474 be merged into ikiwiki upstream, though.
479 ### Enabling/disabling the plugin
481 - enabling the plugin with `po_translatable_pages` set to blacklist: **OK**
482 - enabling the plugin with `po_translatable_pages` set to whitelist: **OK**
483 - enabling the plugin without `po_translatable_pages` set: **OK**
484 - disabling the plugin: **OK**
486 ### Changing the plugin config
488 - adding existing pages to `po_translatable_pages`: **OK**
489 - removing existing pages from `po_translatable_pages`: **OK**
490 - adding a language to `po_slave_languages`: **OK**
491 - removing a language from `po_slave_languages`: **OK**
492 - changing `po_master_language`: **OK**
493 - replacing `po_master_language` with a language previously part of
494 `po_slave_languages`: needs two rebuilds, but **OK** (this is quite
495 a perverse test actually)
497 ### Creating/deleting/renaming pages
499 All cases of master/slave page creation/deletion/rename, both via RCS
500 and via CGI, have been tested.
504 - general test with `usedirs` disabled: **OK**
505 - general test with `indexpages` enabled: **not OK**
506 - general test with `po_link_to=default` with `userdirs` enabled: **OK**
507 - general test with `po_link_to=default` with `userdirs` disabled: **OK**
515 Maybe write separate documentation depending on the people it targets:
516 translators, wiki administrators, hackers. This plugin may be complex
517 enough to deserve this.