1 External plugins are standalone, executable programs, that can be written
2 in any language. When ikiwiki starts up, it runs the program, and
3 communicates with it using XML RPC. If you want to [[write]] an external
6 ikiwiki contains one sample external plugin, named `externaldemo`. This is
7 written in perl, but is intended to be an example of how to write an
8 external plugin in your favorite programming language. Wow us at how much
9 easier you can do the same thing in your favorite language. ;-)
11 There's now a second external plugin, the [[rst]] plugin, written in
12 python. It uses a `proxy.py`, a helper library for ikiwiki python plugins.
16 ## How external plugins use XML RPC
18 While XML RPC is typically used over http, ikiwiki doesn't do that.
19 Instead, the external plugin reads XML RPC data from stdin, and writes it
20 to stdout. To ease parsing, each separate XML RPC request or response must
21 start at the beginning of a line, and end with a newline. When outputting
22 XML RPC to stdout, be _sure_ to flush stdout. Failure to do so will result
25 An external plugin should operate in a loop. First, read a command from
26 stdin, using XML RPC. Dispatch the command, and return its result to
27 stdout, also using XML RPC. After reading a command, and before returning
28 the result, the plugin can output XML RPC requests of its own, calling
29 functions in ikiwiki. Note: *Never* make an XML RPC request at any other
30 time. Ikiwiki won't be listening for it, and you will deadlock.
32 When ikiwiki starts up an external plugin, the first RPC it will make
33 is to call the plugin's `import()` function. That function typically makes
34 an RPC to ikiwiki's `hook()` function, registering a callback.
36 An external plugin can use XML RPC to call any of the exported functions
37 documented in the [[plugin_interface_documentation|write]]. It can also
38 actually call any non-exported IkiWiki function, but doing so is a good way
39 to break your plugin when ikiwiki changes. There is currently no versioned
40 interface like there is for perl plugins, but external plugins were first
41 supported in ikiwiki version 2.6.
43 ## Accessing data structures
45 Ikiwiki has a few global data structures such as `%config`, which holds
46 its configuration. External plugins can use the `getvar` and `setvar` RPCs
47 to access any such global hash. To get the "url" configuration value,
48 call `getvar("config", "url")`. To set it, call
49 `setvar("config", "url", "http://example.com/)`.
51 The `%pagestate` is a special hash with a more complex format. To access
52 it, external plugins can use the `getstate` and `setstate` RPCs. To access
53 stored state, call `getstate("page", "id", "key")`, and to store state,
54 call `setstate("page", "id", "key", "value")`.
56 To access ikiwiki's ARGV array, call `getargv()`. To change its ARGV, call
59 ## Notes on function parameters
61 The [[plugin_interface_documentation|write]] talks about functions that take
62 "named parameters". When such a function is called over XML RPC, such named
63 parameters look like a list of keys and values:
65 page, foo, destpage, bar, magnify, 1
67 If a name is repeated in the list, the later value overrides the earlier
70 name, Bob, age, 20, name, Sally, gender, female
72 In perl, boiling this down to an associative array of named parameters is
78 Other languages might not find it so easy. If not, it might be a good idea
79 to convert these named parameters into something more natural for the
80 language as part of their XML RPC interface.
84 XML RPC has a limitation that it does not have a way to pass
85 undef/NULL/None. There is an extension to the protocol that supports this,
86 but it is not yet available in the [[cpan XML::RPC]] library used by
89 Until the extension is available, ikiwiki allows undef to be communicated
90 over XML RPC by passing a sentinal value, a hash with a single key "null"
91 with a value of an empty string. External plugins that need to communicate
92 null values to or from ikiwiki will have to translate between undef and
97 Some parts of ikiwiki are extensible by adding functions. For example, the
98 RCS interface relies on plugins providing several IkiWiki::rcs_* functions.
99 It's actually possible to do this from an external plugin too.
101 To make your external plugin provide an `IkiWiki::rcs_update` function, for
102 example, make an RPC call to `inject`. Pass it named parameters "name" and
103 "call", where "name" is the name of the function to inject into perl (here
104 "Ikiwiki::rcs_update" and "call" is the RPC call ikiwiki will make whenever
105 that function is run.
107 If the RPC call is memoizable, you can also pass a "memoize" parameter, set
110 ## Limitations of XML RPC
112 Since XML RPC can't pass around references to objects, it can't be used
113 with functions that take or return such references. That means you can't
114 100% use XML RPC for `cgi` or `formbuilder` hooks (which are passed CGI and
115 FormBuilder perl objects), or use it to call `template()` (which returns a
116 perl HTML::Template object).
118 ## Performance issues
120 Since each external plugin is a separate process, when ikiwiki is
121 configured to use lots of external plugins, it will start up slower, and
122 use more resources. One or two should not be a problem though.
124 There is some overhead in using XML RPC for function calls. Most plugins
125 should find it to be pretty minimal though. In one benchmark, ikiwiki was
126 able to perform 10000 simple XML RPC calls in 11 seconds -- 900 per second.
128 Using external plugins for hooks such as `sanitize` and `format`, which
129 pass around entire pages, and are run for each page rendered, will cause
130 more XML RPC overhead than usual, due to the larger number of calls, and the
131 large quantity of data conversion going on. In contrast, `preprocess` hooks
132 are called generally rarely, and pass around minimal data.
134 External plugins should avoid making RPC calls unnecessarily (ie, in a loop).
135 Memoizing the results of appropriate RPC calls is one good way to minimise the
138 Injecting a replacement for a commonly called ikiwiki function
139 could result in a lot more RPC calls than expected and slow
140 eveything down. `pagetitle`, for instance, is called about 100 times
141 per page build. Whenever possible, you should tell ikiwiki to memoize
144 In general, use common sense, and your external plugin will probably