1 Let's do an ikiwiki security analysis..
3 If you are using ikiwiki to render pages that only you can edit, do not
4 generate any wrappers, and do not use the cgi, then there are no more
5 security issues with this program than with cat(1). If, however, you let
6 others edit pages in your wiki, then some possible security issues do need
13 ikiwiki does not attempt to do any santization of the html on the wiki.
14 [[MarkDown]] allows embedding of arbitrary html into a markdown document. If
15 you let anyone else edit files on the wiki, then anyone can have fun exploiting
16 the web browser bug of the day. This type of attack is typically referred
17 to as an XSS attack ([google](http://www.google.com/search?q=xss+attack)).
19 ## image files etc attacks
21 If it enounters a file type it does not understand, ikiwiki just copies it
22 into place. So if you let users add any kind of file they like, they can
23 upload images, movies, windows executables, css files, etc. If these files exploit security holes in the browser of someone who's viewing the wiki, that can be a security problem.
25 Of course nobody else seems to worry about this in other wikis, so should we?
29 If your web server does any parsing of special sorts of files (for example,
30 server parsed html files), then if you let anyone else add files to the wiki,
31 they can try to use this to exploit your web server.
33 ## multiple accessors of wiki directory
35 If multiple people can write to the source directory ikiwiki is using, or to the destination directory it writes files to, then one can cause trouble for the other when they run ikiwiki through symlink attacks.
37 So it's best if only one person can ever write to those directories.
41 Setup files are not safe to keep in subversion with the rest of the wiki.
42 Just don't do it. [[ikiwiki.setup]] is *not* used as the setup file for
47 Anyone with svn commit access can forge "web commit from foo" and make it appear on [[RecentChanges]] like foo committed. One way to avoid this would be to limit web commits to those done by a certian user.
49 It's actually possible to force a whole series of svn commits to appear to
50 have come just before yours, by forging svn log output. This could be
51 guarded against by using svn log --xml.
53 ikiwiki escapes any html in svn commit logs to prevent other mischief.
55 ## page locking can be bypassed via direct svn commits
57 A [[lock]]ed page can only be edited on the web by an admin, but
58 anyone who is allowed to commit direct to svn can bypass this. This is by
59 design, although a subversion pre-commit hook could be used to prevent
60 editing of locked pages when using subversion, if you really need to.
66 (AKA, the assumptions that will be the root of most security holes...)
68 ## exploting ikiwiki with bad content
70 Someone could add bad content to the wiki and hope to exploit ikiwiki.
71 Note that ikiwiki runs with perl taint checks on, so this is unlikely.
73 ## publishing cgi scripts
75 ikiwiki does not allow cgi scripts to be published as part of the wiki. Or
76 rather, the script is published, but it's not marked executable (except in
77 the case of "destination directory file replacement" below), so hopefully
78 your web server will not run it.
82 ikiwiki --wrapper is intended to generate a wrapper program that
83 runs ikiwiki to update a given wiki. The wrapper can in turn be made suid,
84 for example to be used in a [[post-commit]] hook by people who cannot write
85 to the html pages, etc.
87 If the wrapper script is made suid, then any bugs in this wrapper would be
88 security holes. The wrapper is written as securely as I know how, is based
89 on code that has a history of security use long before ikiwiki, and there's
94 ikiwiki does not expose untrusted data to the shell. In fact it doesn't use
95 system() at all, and the only use of backticks is on data supplied by the
96 wiki admin and untainted filenames. And it runs with taint checks on of course..
100 When ikiwiki runs as a cgi to edit a page, it is passed the name of the
101 page to edit. It has to make sure to sanitise this page, to prevent eg,
102 editing of ../../../foo, or editing of files that are not part of the wiki,
103 such as subversion dotfiles. This is done by sanitising the filename
104 removing unallowed characters, then making sure it doesn't start with "/"
105 or contain ".." or "/.svn/". Annoyingly ad-hoc, this kind of code is where
106 security holes breed. It needs a test suite at the very least.
108 ## CGI::Session security
110 I've audited this module and it is massively insecure by default. ikiwiki
111 uses it in one of the few secure ways; by forcing it to write to a
112 directory it controls (and not /tmp) and by setting a umask that makes the
113 file not be world readable.
115 ## cgi password security
117 Login to the wiki involves sending a password in cleartext over the net.
118 Cracking the password only allows editing the wiki as that user though.
119 If you care, you can use https, I suppose.
123 _(Unless otherwise noted, these were discovered and immediatey fixed by the ikiwiki developers.)_
125 ## destination directory file replacement
127 Any file in the destination directory that is a valid page filename can be
128 replaced, even if it was not originally rendered from a page. For example,
129 ikiwiki.cgi could be edited in the wiki, and it would write out a
130 replacement. File permission is preseved. Yipes!
132 This was fixed by making ikiwiki check if the file it's writing to exists;
133 if it does then it has to be a file that it's aware of creating before, or
134 it will refuse to create it.
136 Still, this sort of attack is something to keep in mind.
140 Could a committer trick ikiwiki into following a symlink and operating on
141 some other tree that it shouldn't? svn supports symlinks, so one can get
142 into the repo. ikiwiki uses File::Find to traverse the repo, and does not
143 tell it to follow symlinks, but it might be possible to race replacing a
144 directory with a symlink and trick it into following the link.
146 Also, if someone checks in a symlink to /etc/passwd, ikiwiki would read and
147 publish that, which could be used to expose files a committer otherwise
150 To avoid this, ikiwiki will skip over symlinks when scanning for pages, and
151 uses locking to prevent more than one instance running at a time. The lock
152 prevents one ikiwiki from running a svn up at the wrong time to race
153 another ikiwiki. So only attackers who can write to the working copy on
154 their own can race it.
156 ## symlink + cgi attacks
158 Similarly, a svn commit of a symlink could be made, ikiwiki ignores it
159 because of the above, but the symlink is still there, and then you edit the
160 page from the web, which follows the symlink when reading the page, and
161 again when saving the changed page.
163 This was fixed by making ikiwiki refuse to read or write to files that are
164 symlinks, combined with the above locking.