1 I don't necessarily trust all OpenID providers to stop bots. I note that ikiwiki allows [[banned_users]], and that there are other todos such as [[todo/openid_user_filtering]] that would extend this. However, it might be nice to have a CAPTCHA system.
3 I imagine a plugin that modifies the login screen to use <http://recaptcha.net/>. You would then be required to fill in the captcha as well as log in in the normal way.
5 > I hate CAPTCHAs with a passion. Someone else is welcome to write such a
8 > If spam via openid (which I have never ever seen yet) becomes
9 > a problem, a provider whitelist/blacklist seems like a much nicer
10 > solution than a CAPTCHA. --[[Joey]]
12 >> Apparently there has been openid spam (you can google for it). But as for
13 >> white/black lists, were you thinking of listing the openids, or the content?
14 >> Something like the moinmoin global <http://master.moinmo.in/BadContent>
17 >>> OpenID can be thought of as pushing the problem of determining if
18 >>> someone is a human or a spambot back from the openid consumer to the
19 >>> openid provider. So, providers that make it possible for spambots to
20 >>> use their openids, or that are even set up explicitly for use in
21 >>> spamming, would be the ones to block. Or, providers that are known to
22 >>> use very good screening for humans would be the ones to allow.
23 >>> (Openid delegation makes it a bit harder than just looking at the
24 >>> openid url though.) --[[Joey]]
26 >>>> Well, OpenID only addresses authentication issues, not authorisation issues.
27 >>>> Given that it is trivial to set up your own OpenID provider (a full provider, not
28 >>>> just a forward to another provider), I can't see a
29 >>>> blacklist working in the long term (it would be like blacklisting email).
30 >>>> A whitelist might work (it would not be quite as bad as whitelisting email). In any case,
31 >>>> there is now a captcha plugin for those that want it. It is accessible
32 >>>> (there is an audio option) and serves a social purpose along with
33 >>>> keeping bots out (the captcha is used to help digitise hard to read
34 >>>> words in books for [Carnegie Mellon University](http://www.cs.cmu.edu/) and
35 >>>> [The Internet Archive](http://www.archive.org/) ). Finally, because the actual captcha is outsourced
36 >>>> it means that someone else is taking care of keeping it ahead of
39 Okie - I have a first pass of this. There are still some issues.
41 Currently the code verifies the CAPTCHA. If you get it right then you're fine.
42 If you get the CAPTCHA wrong then the current code tells formbuilder that
43 one of the fields is invalid. This stops the login from going through.
44 Unfortunately, formbuilder is caching this validity somewhere, and I haven't
45 found a way around that yet. This means that if you get the CAPTCHA
46 wrong, it will continue to fail. You need to load the login page again so
47 it doesn't have the error message on the screen, then it'll work again.
49 > fixed this - updated code is attached.
51 A second issue is that the OpenID login system resets the 'required' flags
52 of all the other fields, so using OpenID will cause the CAPTCHA to be
55 > This is still not fixed. I would have thought the following patch would
56 > have fixed this second issue, but it doesn't.
58 (code snipped as a working patch is below)
60 >> What seems to be happing here is that the openid plugin defines a
61 >> validate hook for openid_url that calls validate(). validate() in turn
62 >> redirects the user to the openid server for validation, and exits. If
63 >> the openid plugins' validate hook is called before your recaptcha
64 >> validator, your code never gets a chance to run. I don't know how to
65 >> control the other that FormBuilder validates fields, but the only fix I
66 >> can see is to somehow influence that order.
68 >> Hmm, maybe you need to move your own validation code out of the validate
69 >> hook. Instead, just validate the captcha in the formbuilder_setup hook.
70 >> The problem with this approach is that if validation fails, you can't
71 >> just flag it as invalid and let formbuilder handle that. Instead, you'd
72 >> have to hack something in to redisplay the captcha by hand. --[[Joey]]
74 >>> Fixed this. I just modified the OpenID plugin to check if the captcha
75 >>> succeeded or failed. Seeing as the OpenID plugin is the one that is
76 >>> abusing the normal validate method, I figured it was best to keep
77 >>> the fix in the same place. I also added a config switch so you can set if
78 >>> the captcha is needed for OpenID logins. OpenID defaults to ignoring
80 >>> Patch is inline below.
81 >>> I think this whole thing is working now.
83 >>>> Ok, glad it's working. Not thrilled that it needs to modify the
84 >>>> openid plugin, especially as I'm not sure if i I will integrate the
85 >>>> captcha plugin into mainline. Also because it's not very clean to have
86 >>>> the oprnid plugin aware of another plugin like that. I'd like to
87 >>>> prusue my idea of not doing the captcha validation in the validate
90 --- a/IkiWiki/Plugin/openid.pm
91 +++ b/IkiWiki/Plugin/openid.pm
92 @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ sub getopt () { #{{{
94 Getopt::Long::Configure('pass_through');
95 GetOptions("openidsignup=s" => \$config{openidsignup});
96 + GetOptions("openidneedscaptcha=s" => \$config{openidneedscaptcha});
99 sub formbuilder_setup (@) { #{{{
100 @@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ sub formbuilder_setup (@) { #{{{
101 # Skip all other required fields in this case.
102 foreach my $field ($form->field) {
103 next if $field eq "openid_url";
104 + next if $config{openidneedscaptcha} && $field eq "recaptcha";
105 $form->field(name => $field, required => 0,
108 @@ -96,6 +98,18 @@ sub validate ($$$;$) { #{{{
112 + if ($config{openidneedscaptcha} && defined $form->field("recaptcha")) {
113 + foreach my $field ($form->field) {
114 + next unless ($field eq "recaptcha");
115 + if (! $field->validate) {
116 + # if they didn't get the captcha right,
117 + # then just claim we validated ok so the
118 + # captcha can cause a fail
124 my $check_url = $claimed_identity->check_url(
125 return_to => IkiWiki::cgiurl(do => "postsignin"),
126 trust_root => $config{cgiurl},
132 You need to go to <http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey> and get a key set.
133 The keys are added as options.
135 reCaptchaPubKey => "LONGPUBLICKEYSTRING",
136 reCaptchaPrivKey => "LONGPRIVATEKEYSTRING",
138 You can also use "signInSSL" if you're using ssl for your login screen.
141 The following code is just inline. It will probably not display correctly, and you should just grab it from the page source.
146 # Ikiwiki password authentication.
147 package IkiWiki::Plugin::recaptcha;
154 hook(type => "formbuilder_setup", id => "recaptcha", call => \&formbuilder_setup);
158 eval q{use Getopt::Long};
160 Getopt::Long::Configure('pass_through');
161 GetOptions("reCaptchaPubKey=s" => \$config{reCaptchaPubKey});
162 GetOptions("reCaptchaPrivKey=s" => \$config{reCaptchaPrivKey});
165 sub formbuilder_setup (@) { #{{{
168 my $form=$params{form};
169 my $session=$params{session};
170 my $cgi=$params{cgi};
171 my $pubkey=$config{reCaptchaPubKey};
172 my $privkey=$config{reCaptchaPrivKey};
173 debug("Unknown Public Key. To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
174 unless defined $config{reCaptchaPubKey};
175 debug("Unknown Private Key. To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
176 unless defined $config{reCaptchaPrivKey};
177 my $tagtextPlain=<<EOTAG;
178 <script type="text/javascript"
179 src="http://api.recaptcha.net/challenge?k=$pubkey">
183 <iframe src="http://api.recaptcha.net/noscript?k=$pubkey"
184 height="300" width="500" frameborder="0"></iframe><br>
185 <textarea name="recaptcha_challenge_field" rows="3" cols="40"></textarea>
186 <input type="hidden" name="recaptcha_response_field"
187 value="manual_challenge">
191 my $tagtextSSL=<<EOTAGS;
192 <script type="text/javascript"
193 src="https://api-secure.recaptcha.net/challenge?k=$pubkey">
197 <iframe src="https://api-secure.recaptcha.net/noscript?k=$pubkey"
198 height="300" width="500" frameborder="0"></iframe><br>
199 <textarea name="recaptcha_challenge_field" rows="3" cols="40"></textarea>
200 <input type="hidden" name="recaptcha_response_field"
201 value="manual_challenge">
207 if ($config{signInSSL}) {
208 $tagtext = $tagtextSSL;
210 $tagtext = $tagtextPlain;
213 if ($form->title eq "signin") {
214 # Give up if module is unavailable to avoid
215 # needing to depend on it.
216 eval q{use LWP::UserAgent};
218 debug("unable to load LWP::UserAgent, not enabling reCaptcha");
222 die("To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
224 die("To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
226 die("To use reCAPTCHA you must know the remote IP address")
227 unless $session->remote_addr();
235 message => "CAPTCHA verification failed",
238 # validate the captcha.
239 if ($form->submitted && $form->submitted eq "Login" &&
240 defined $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field") &&
241 length $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field") &&
242 defined $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field") &&
243 length $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field")) {
245 my $challenge = "invalid";
246 my $response = "invalid";
247 my $result = { is_valid => 0, error => 'recaptcha-not-tested' };
249 $form->field(name => "recaptcha",
250 message => "CAPTCHA verification failed",
253 if ($challenge ne $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field") or
254 $response ne $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field")) {
255 $challenge = $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field");
256 $response = $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field");
257 debug("Validating: ".$challenge." ".$response);
258 $result = check_answer($privkey,
259 $session->remote_addr(),
260 $challenge, $response);
262 debug("re-Validating");
265 if ($result->{is_valid}) {
277 # The following function is borrowed from
278 # Captcha::reCAPTCHA by Andy Armstrong and are under the PERL Artistic License
281 my ( $privkey, $remoteip, $challenge, $response ) = @_;
284 "To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey"
287 die "For security reasons, you must pass the remote ip to reCAPTCHA"
290 if (! ($challenge && $response)) {
291 debug("Challenge or response not set!");
292 return { is_valid => 0, error => 'incorrect-captcha-sol' };
295 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
297 my $resp = $ua->post(
298 'http://api-verify.recaptcha.net/verify',
300 privatekey => $privkey,
301 remoteip => $remoteip,
302 challenge => $challenge,
303 response => $response
307 if ( $resp->is_success ) {
308 my ( $answer, $message ) = split( /\n/, $resp->content, 2 );
309 if ( $answer =~ /true/ ) {
310 debug("CAPTCHA valid");
311 return { is_valid => 1 };
315 debug("CAPTCHA failed: ".$message);
316 return { is_valid => 0, error => $message };
320 debug("Unable to contact reCaptcha verification host!");
321 return { is_valid => 0, error => 'recaptcha-not-reachable' };