7 The idea behind this would be to have one ikiwiki behave as a dynamic private wiki in a specified area
8 and a more static publiczone wiki.
12 This can be more or less difficult depending on the use case.
14 ### Purely static public zone with a single, controlled-access inward zone
16 For this case, only a known set of people are authorized to see the inward zone
17 or edit anything. Everybody else sees only the public zone. This use case is mostly
18 easy to handle now, as long as access to things like the `recentchanges` page and
19 repository browser are not granted for the public zone. In particular, the features
20 that allow information exposure via edit access are not of concern in this case.
22 ### Static public zone, more than one controlled inward zone
24 In this case, the known, controlled set of people with special access are divided
25 into groups with access to different (or overlapping) zones. The public still sees only a static zone.
27 Here, some of the harder issues, like information disclosure via edit access, do apply,
28 but only to members of the known, controlled groups. How much of a problem that is
29 depends on _how sensitive_ the information is that each group might reveal from another
30 zone. The rcs logs will show when a page has been edited to contain an [[ikiwiki/directive/inline]]
31 directive or other trick to reveal information, so if it is enough to treat the trusted users' conduct
32 as a management issue ("don't do that, please") then the risks can be acceptable in this case.
34 ### Public zone allows contribution/editing by external users
36 This case is the most difficult to cover at present, and probably shouldn't be attempted
37 without solutions to most or all of the **obstacles** identified here.
39 ## Implementation techniques
41 ### Edit control by user and pagespec: lockedit
43 This works today, using the [[plugins/lockedit]] plugin. Because the `user` predicate
44 can be part of a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], this is all we need to flexibly control edit access
45 using any authentication method `ikiwiki` supports.
47 ### View control in the `http` server
49 We already can more or less do this for example with [[httpauth|/plugins/httpauth/]], `.htaccess` files and a proper `httpauth_pagespec`.
51 _Drawbacks:_ might be fiddly to configure and require maintaining two different user/pass logbases (native ikiwiki
52 signin), or impractical if ikiwiki is using an authentication method not natively supported
53 in the `http` server (e.g., OpenID).
55 ### View control in ikiwiki CGI
57 By requiring access to private zones to go through an ikiwiki CGI wrapper,
58 any ikiwiki-supported authentication method can be used, and the accessible
59 pages can be specified using the `user` predicate with [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]]s,
60 just as with the [[plugins/lockedit]] plugin.
62 The [[plugins/contrib/signinview]] plugin implements this idea, using very
63 simple configuration that is possible even in shared-hosting environments
64 without complete access to the `http` server configuration, as long as
65 `.htaccess` files or their equivalent can be created. The top directory of
66 a private zone needs only a `.htaccess` file with `Deny from All` or
67 `Require all denied` (or other equivalent directive for the `http` server
68 in use), and a `403` error handler of `{$cgiurl}?do=view`.
70 The plugin emits response headers intended to discourage non-private caches
71 from retaining the retrieved content. (They are already supposed to avoid
72 caching any response to a request with an `Authorization` header, but this
73 plugin can be used with any ikiwiki-supported auth method, not all of which
76 A plugin like [[plugins/contrib/pagespec_alias]] can be very useful for
77 defining a group of authorized users:
79 us: user(alice) or user(bob) or user(clotaldo)
81 so that zone access can be a simple [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]]:
85 *Drawbacks:* The private zones no longer reap all the benefits of a static
86 wiki generator, as a (fairly heavy) ikiwiki CGI wrapper must be started for
87 each access. (On the other hand, all it needs to do after confirming authorization
88 is basically `cat` the statically-generated page with appropriate response headers,
89 keeping the code simple and easy to audit.)
91 This can be adequate for a case where the static, public zone could receive a lot
92 of traffic, with the private zone(s) accessed only by a known small group of people.
94 ### View control with a FastCGI Authorizer
96 A plugin implementing a [FastCGI](http://www.fastcgi.com/)
97 [Authorizer](http://www.fastcgi.com/drupal/node/6?q=node/22#S6.3) could provide
98 the same benefits as [[plugins/contrib/signinview]] (any ikiwiki-supported auth
99 method, simple zone definition with [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]]s) with less overhead
100 per access. It would also be simpler than [[plugins/contrib/signinview]] by
101 leaving it as the `http` server's responsibility to generate the proper headers
102 and serve the content.
104 Caching proxies are already supposed to avoid caching any response to a request
105 that included an `Authorization` header. For some ikiwiki-supported auth methods,
106 that header might not be needed in the request, and care may be needed to configure
107 the server to emit other necessary response headers to discourage caching of
108 content from a private zone.
112 A number of ikiwiki features aren't (yet) designed with zoning in mind,
113 and it will take some effort both to identify them all, and to think out how they
114 could be addressed. This section invites brainstorming of both kinds.
115 This might eventually merit a separate page [[Zoned ikiwiki obstacles]]
116 but I'll begin it here.
118 Note that not all of these issues will be problems for all **zoned ikiwiki use cases**.
122 What is problematic is when you link a public page in a private page :
123 a backlink will be generated from the public page to the private page.
125 As noted in [[per_page_ACLs]] in the end users through backlink
126 navigation will frequently hit HTTP/401 deterring browsing as well as for the admin at false-positive logwatching.
128 One can radically [[disable backlinks feature|todo/allow_disabling_backlinks]] but then no more neat backlink navigation that
129 is really good to have in both area.
131 Another way of just preventing this backlink leak in that case would be sufficient via i.e a *privatebacklinks* config and
132 a patch like this one [[!toggle id="backlinkpatch" text="(show)"]].
134 [[!toggleable id="backlinkpatch" text="""
135 Comments are welcome.
141 diff --git a/IkiWiki.pm b/IkiWiki.pm
144 @@ -294,6 +294,14 @@ sub getsetup () {
148 + privatebacklinks => {
149 + type => "pagespec",
151 + description => "PageSpec controlling which backlinks are private (ie users/*)",
152 + link => "ikiwiki/PageSpec",
159 diff --git a/IkiWiki/Render.pm b/IkiWiki/Render.pm
160 --- a/IkiWiki/Render.pm
161 +++ b/IkiWiki/Render.pm
162 @@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ sub backlinks ($) {
163 $p_trimmed=~s/^\Q$dir\E// &&
164 $page_trimmed=~s/^\Q$dir\E//;
166 - push @links, { url => $href, page => pagetitle($p_trimmed) };
167 + push @links, { url => $href, page => pagetitle($p_trimmed) }
168 + unless defined $config{privatebacklinks} && length $config{privatebacklinks} && pagespec_match($p, $config{privatebacklinks}) && !pagespec_match($page, $config{privatebacklinks}) ;
176 In use cases where the main concern about backlinks is only the bad user experience when links are
177 shown that lead to access denial when clicked, a workable
178 solution could be to make the backlinks `div` invisible in `local.css`.
180 ### recentchanges page
182 An accessible `recentchanges` page can include links to changes to pages
183 that should not be accessible. Even if the links cannot be followed, the
184 existence of the pages and their edit history are leaked. If rcs integration
185 is configured, those links on the `recentchanges` page can leak complete contents
186 through the **rcs browser**.
188 It can be helpful to generate separate `recentchanges` pages for different zones.
189 The [[plugins/recentchanges]] plugin already allows this--a `recentchanges` page
190 can be created anywhere, just by using the `recentchanges` directive
191 with the right [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] for the zone it should cover--except that it cannot yet
192 be configured to generate a different `recentchanges` link destination into pages
193 in different zones. So, it would be helpful if its configuration could allow multiple
194 `recentchangespage` values, paired with `PageSpec`s for the pages on which they
199 If the repository browser is accessible, potentially all content can be exposed.
200 Even if links to the repository browser are not generated into public wiki pages,
201 if a user can obtain or guess the repository browser URL and construct arbitrary
202 requests, information can be revealed.
204 Solutions could involve authnz features of the revision control systems themselves
205 and their associated repository browsers; for example, `svn` supposedly has such
206 features, and recent versions of `viewvc` supposedly honor them. But such features
207 may not be available for every rcs, and where they are available, they'll have to
208 be configured separately and differently from ikiwiki itself. They might not support
209 the same auth methods (e.g. OpenID) being used by the wiki itself.
211 Another approach would be for ikiwiki's own rcs plugin to generate a CGI wrapper
212 that invokes the repository browser CGI (which itself would _not_ be made
213 executable via `http` request). The `historyurl` and `diffurl` would then refer
214 to this wrapper. (In fact, they would not have to be specified in the config file,
215 as the plugin would know where it generated them. Instead, what would need to be
216 specified would be the filesystem path for the rcs browser being wrapped). The
217 wrapper could dissect the request parameters, identify the pages being accessed,
218 and subject them to the same accessibility tests used for the wiki. The rcs browser
219 itself needs to be configured to use the wrapper URL in all its generated links,
221 This might not be very hard to do with `gitweb` as it is already implemented in Perl.
222 The wrapper could probably import it and use its already-supplied routines to parse
223 the request into the affected file names, and probably complete the whole request
224 without a second `exec`. Other rcs backends might or might not be as easy.
228 If [[plugins/search]] is enabled, private content is indexed and
229 searchable to the public.
231 ### Information leaks allowed by edit access
233 > Have you considered all the ways that anyone with edit access to the
234 > public wiki could expose information from the public wiki? For example,
235 > you could inline all the private pages into a public page. --[[Joey]]
237 Many ikiwiki features could give information exposure opportunities to someone
238 with edit access. The list here is surely incomplete, and would take a purposeful
239 review of the code and plugins (including third-party plugins) to complete.
241 * Directives that can inline information from other pages
242 * [[ikiwiki/directive/inline]] *the most obvious one*
243 * [[ikiwiki/directive/map]]
244 * [[ikiwiki/directive/brokenlinks]] ?
245 * [[ikiwiki/directive/orphans]] ?
246 * [[ikiwiki/directive/linkmap]] ?
248 * Not to forget `contrib` plugins
249 * [[plugins/contrib/report]] ?
252 Note that, _with_ the right controls on who can edit the pages and insert
253 the directives, the fact that a public page can inline stuff from private
254 pages can be very useful. Public pages can be created that are populated
255 by selected content that's maintained on the private side. The [[ikiwiki/directive/if]]
256 directive can be used in the private content to control what parts can be
257 inlined into public pages. All of this is in ikiwiki today.