1 I don't necessarily trust all OpenID providers to stop bots. I note that ikiwiki allows [[banned_users]], and that there are other todos such as [[todo/openid_user_filtering]] that would extend this. However, it might be nice to have a CAPTCHA system.
3 I imagine a plugin that modifies the login screen to use <http://recaptcha.net/>. You would then be required to fill in the captcha as well as log in in the normal way.
7 > I hate CAPTCHAs with a passion. Someone else is welcome to write such a
10 > If spam via openid (which I have never ever seen yet) becomes
11 > a problem, a provider whitelist/blacklist seems like a much nicer
12 > solution than a CAPTCHA. --[[Joey]]
14 >> Apparently there has been openid spam (you can google for it). But as for
15 >> white/black lists, were you thinking of listing the openids, or the content?
16 >> Something like the moinmoin global <http://master.moinmo.in/BadContent>
19 >>> OpenID can be thought of as pushing the problem of determining if
20 >>> someone is a human or a spambot back from the openid consumer to the
21 >>> openid provider. So, providers that make it possible for spambots to
22 >>> use their openids, or that are even set up explicitly for use in
23 >>> spamming, would be the ones to block. Or, providers that are known to
24 >>> use very good screening for humans would be the ones to allow.
25 >>> (Openid delegation makes it a bit harder than just looking at the
26 >>> openid url though.) --[[Joey]]
28 >>>> Well, OpenID only addresses authentication issues, not authorisation issues.
29 >>>> Given that it is trivial to set up your own OpenID provider (a full provider, not
30 >>>> just a forward to another provider), I can't see a
31 >>>> blacklist working in the long term (it would be like blacklisting email).
32 >>>> A whitelist might work (it would not be quite as bad as whitelisting email). In any case,
33 >>>> there is now a captcha plugin for those that want it. It is accessible
34 >>>> (there is an audio option) and serves a social purpose along with
35 >>>> keeping bots out (the captcha is used to help digitise hard to read
36 >>>> words in books for [Carnegie Mellon University](http://www.cs.cmu.edu/) and
37 >>>> [The Internet Archive](http://www.archive.org/) ). Finally, because the actual captcha is outsourced
38 >>>> it means that someone else is taking care of keeping it ahead of
41 Okie - I have a first pass of this. There are still some issues.
43 Currently the code verifies the CAPTCHA. If you get it right then you're fine.
44 If you get the CAPTCHA wrong then the current code tells formbuilder that
45 one of the fields is invalid. This stops the login from going through.
46 Unfortunately, formbuilder is caching this validity somewhere, and I haven't
47 found a way around that yet. This means that if you get the CAPTCHA
48 wrong, it will continue to fail. You need to load the login page again so
49 it doesn't have the error message on the screen, then it'll work again.
51 > fixed this - updated code is attached.
53 A second issue is that the OpenID login system resets the 'required' flags
54 of all the other fields, so using OpenID will cause the CAPTCHA to be
57 > This is still not fixed. I would have thought the following patch would
58 > have fixed this second issue, but it doesn't.
60 (code snipped as a working [[patch]] is below)
62 >> What seems to be happing here is that the openid plugin defines a
63 >> validate hook for openid_url that calls validate(). validate() in turn
64 >> redirects the user to the openid server for validation, and exits. If
65 >> the openid plugins' validate hook is called before your recaptcha
66 >> validator, your code never gets a chance to run. I don't know how to
67 >> control the other that FormBuilder validates fields, but the only fix I
68 >> can see is to somehow influence that order.
70 >> Hmm, maybe you need to move your own validation code out of the validate
71 >> hook. Instead, just validate the captcha in the formbuilder_setup hook.
72 >> The problem with this approach is that if validation fails, you can't
73 >> just flag it as invalid and let formbuilder handle that. Instead, you'd
74 >> have to hack something in to redisplay the captcha by hand. --[[Joey]]
76 >>> Fixed this. I just modified the OpenID plugin to check if the captcha
77 >>> succeeded or failed. Seeing as the OpenID plugin is the one that is
78 >>> abusing the normal validate method, I figured it was best to keep
79 >>> the fix in the same place. I also added a config switch so you can set if
80 >>> the captcha is needed for OpenID logins. OpenID defaults to ignoring
82 >>> Patch is inline below.
83 >>> I think this whole thing is working now.
85 >>>> Ok, glad it's working. Not thrilled that it needs to modify the
86 >>>> openid plugin, especially as I'm not sure if i I will integrate the
87 >>>> captcha plugin into mainline. Also because it's not very clean to have
88 >>>> the oprnid plugin aware of another plugin like that. I'd like to
89 >>>> prusue my idea of not doing the captcha validation in the validate
92 --- a/IkiWiki/Plugin/openid.pm
93 +++ b/IkiWiki/Plugin/openid.pm
94 @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ sub getopt () {
96 Getopt::Long::Configure('pass_through');
97 GetOptions("openidsignup=s" => \$config{openidsignup});
98 + GetOptions("openidneedscaptcha=s" => \$config{openidneedscaptcha});
101 sub formbuilder_setup (@) {
102 @@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ sub formbuilder_setup (@) {
103 # Skip all other required fields in this case.
104 foreach my $field ($form->field) {
105 next if $field eq "openid_url";
106 + next if $config{openidneedscaptcha} && $field eq "recaptcha";
107 $form->field(name => $field, required => 0,
110 @@ -96,6 +98,18 @@ sub validate ($$$;$) {
114 + if ($config{openidneedscaptcha} && defined $form->field("recaptcha")) {
115 + foreach my $field ($form->field) {
116 + next unless ($field eq "recaptcha");
117 + if (! $field->validate) {
118 + # if they didn't get the captcha right,
119 + # then just claim we validated ok so the
120 + # captcha can cause a fail
126 my $check_url = $claimed_identity->check_url(
127 return_to => IkiWiki::cgiurl(do => "postsignin"),
128 trust_root => $config{cgiurl},
134 You need to go to <http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey> and get a key set.
135 The keys are added as options.
137 reCaptchaPubKey => "LONGPUBLICKEYSTRING",
138 reCaptchaPrivKey => "LONGPRIVATEKEYSTRING",
140 You can also use "signInSSL" if you're using ssl for your login screen.
143 The following code is just inline. It will probably not display correctly, and you should just grab it from the page source.
148 # Ikiwiki password authentication.
149 package IkiWiki::Plugin::recaptcha;
156 hook(type => "formbuilder_setup", id => "recaptcha", call => \&formbuilder_setup);
160 eval q{use Getopt::Long};
162 Getopt::Long::Configure('pass_through');
163 GetOptions("reCaptchaPubKey=s" => \$config{reCaptchaPubKey});
164 GetOptions("reCaptchaPrivKey=s" => \$config{reCaptchaPrivKey});
167 sub formbuilder_setup (@) {
170 my $form=$params{form};
171 my $session=$params{session};
172 my $cgi=$params{cgi};
173 my $pubkey=$config{reCaptchaPubKey};
174 my $privkey=$config{reCaptchaPrivKey};
175 debug("Unknown Public Key. To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
176 unless defined $config{reCaptchaPubKey};
177 debug("Unknown Private Key. To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
178 unless defined $config{reCaptchaPrivKey};
179 my $tagtextPlain=<<EOTAG;
180 <script type="text/javascript"
181 src="http://api.recaptcha.net/challenge?k=$pubkey">
185 <iframe src="http://api.recaptcha.net/noscript?k=$pubkey"
186 height="300" width="500" frameborder="0"></iframe><br>
187 <textarea name="recaptcha_challenge_field" rows="3" cols="40"></textarea>
188 <input type="hidden" name="recaptcha_response_field"
189 value="manual_challenge">
193 my $tagtextSSL=<<EOTAGS;
194 <script type="text/javascript"
195 src="https://api-secure.recaptcha.net/challenge?k=$pubkey">
199 <iframe src="https://api-secure.recaptcha.net/noscript?k=$pubkey"
200 height="300" width="500" frameborder="0"></iframe><br>
201 <textarea name="recaptcha_challenge_field" rows="3" cols="40"></textarea>
202 <input type="hidden" name="recaptcha_response_field"
203 value="manual_challenge">
209 if ($config{signInSSL}) {
210 $tagtext = $tagtextSSL;
212 $tagtext = $tagtextPlain;
215 if ($form->title eq "signin") {
216 # Give up if module is unavailable to avoid
217 # needing to depend on it.
218 eval q{use LWP::UserAgent};
220 debug("unable to load LWP::UserAgent, not enabling reCaptcha");
224 die("To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
226 die("To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey")
228 die("To use reCAPTCHA you must know the remote IP address")
229 unless $session->remote_addr();
237 message => "CAPTCHA verification failed",
240 # validate the captcha.
241 if ($form->submitted && $form->submitted eq "Login" &&
242 defined $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field") &&
243 length $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field") &&
244 defined $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field") &&
245 length $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field")) {
247 my $challenge = "invalid";
248 my $response = "invalid";
249 my $result = { is_valid => 0, error => 'recaptcha-not-tested' };
251 $form->field(name => "recaptcha",
252 message => "CAPTCHA verification failed",
255 if ($challenge ne $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field") or
256 $response ne $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field")) {
257 $challenge = $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_challenge_field");
258 $response = $form->cgi_param("recaptcha_response_field");
259 debug("Validating: ".$challenge." ".$response);
260 $result = check_answer($privkey,
261 $session->remote_addr(),
262 $challenge, $response);
264 debug("re-Validating");
267 if ($result->{is_valid}) {
279 # The following function is borrowed from
280 # Captcha::reCAPTCHA by Andy Armstrong and are under the PERL Artistic License
283 my ( $privkey, $remoteip, $challenge, $response ) = @_;
286 "To use reCAPTCHA you must get an API key from http://recaptcha.net/api/getkey"
289 die "For security reasons, you must pass the remote ip to reCAPTCHA"
292 if (! ($challenge && $response)) {
293 debug("Challenge or response not set!");
294 return { is_valid => 0, error => 'incorrect-captcha-sol' };
297 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
299 my $resp = $ua->post(
300 'http://api-verify.recaptcha.net/verify',
302 privatekey => $privkey,
303 remoteip => $remoteip,
304 challenge => $challenge,
305 response => $response
309 if ( $resp->is_success ) {
310 my ( $answer, $message ) = split( /\n/, $resp->content, 2 );
311 if ( $answer =~ /true/ ) {
312 debug("CAPTCHA valid");
313 return { is_valid => 1 };
317 debug("CAPTCHA failed: ".$message);
318 return { is_valid => 0, error => $message };
322 debug("Unable to contact reCaptcha verification host!");
323 return { is_valid => 0, error => 'recaptcha-not-reachable' };