1 [[!template id=plugin name=po core=0 author="[[intrigeri]]"]]
4 This plugin adds support for multi-lingual wikis, translated with
5 gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
7 It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).
14 A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
15 language is a "slave" one.
17 A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be
18 of any page type supported by ikiwiki, except `po`. It does not have to be
19 named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page
22 Example: `bla/page.mdwn` is a "master" Markdown page written in
23 English; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is rendered as
24 `bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
26 Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called
27 a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. `po` is now
28 a page type supported by ikiwiki.
30 Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
31 translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
32 rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
41 `po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in
42 `ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
44 po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }
46 `po_slave_languages` is used to set the list of supported "slave"
49 po_slave_languages => { 'fr' => 'Français',
54 Decide which pages are translatable
55 -----------------------------------
57 The `po_translatable_pages` setting configures what pages are
58 translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
59 control over what kind of pages are translatable.
61 The `.po` files are not considered as being translatable, so you don't need to
62 worry about excluding them explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].
67 The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how
68 internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
69 and site-specific preferences.
71 ### Default linking behavior
73 If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
74 linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master
77 ### Link to current language
79 If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
80 `destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
83 - `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
84 - `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled
86 ### Link to negotiated language
88 If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
89 negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
91 (In)compatibility notes:
93 - if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`
94 to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
96 - if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting
97 `po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.
106 Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
107 serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.
108 This is the default Debian Apache configuration.
110 When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
113 Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME
114 language code) for the wiki context can help to ensure
115 `bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.
120 lighttpd unfortunately does not support content negotiation.
122 **FIXME**: does `mod_magnet` provide the functionality needed to
132 When `po_link_to` is not set to `negotiated`, one should replace some
133 occurrences of `BASEURL` with `HOMEPAGEURL` to get correct links to
136 The `ISTRANSLATION` and `ISTRANSLATABLE` variables can be used to
137 display things only on translatable or translation pages.
139 ### Display page's versions in other languages
141 The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
142 versions of the same page, and the translations' status.
144 One typically adds the following code to `templates/page.tmpl`:
146 <TMPL_IF NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
147 <div id="otherlanguages">
149 <TMPL_LOOP NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
151 <a href="<TMPL_VAR NAME="URL">"><TMPL_VAR NAME="LANGUAGE"></a>
152 <TMPL_UNLESS NAME="MASTER">
153 (<TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENT"> %)
161 The following variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):
163 - `URL` - url to the page
164 - `CODE` - two-letters language code
165 - `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
166 - `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
167 - `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents
169 ### Display the current translation status
171 The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation
172 completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages.
174 One can use it this way:
176 <TMPL_IF NAME="ISTRANSLATION">
177 <div id="percenttranslated">
178 <TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENTTRANSLATED">
182 Additional PageSpec tests
183 -------------------------
185 This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
186 additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
188 Automatic PO file update
189 ------------------------
191 Committing changes to a "master" page:
193 1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the "slave" languages;
194 the updated PO files are then put under version control;
195 2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages.
197 Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
198 been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
199 created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
201 Discussion pages and other sub-pages
202 ------------------------------------
204 Discussion should happen in the language in which the pages are
205 written for real, *i.e.* the "master" one. If discussion pages are
206 enabled, "slave" pages therefore link to the "master" page's
209 Likewise, "slave" pages are not supposed to have sub-pages;
210 [[WikiLinks|wikilink]] that appear on a "slave" page therefore link to
211 the master page's sub-pages.
216 One can edit the PO files using ikiwiki's CGI (a message-by-message
217 interface could also be implemented at some point).
219 If [[tips/untrusted_git_push]] is setup, one can edit the PO files in one's
220 preferred `$EDITOR`, without needing to be online.
222 Markup languages support
223 ------------------------
225 Markdown is well supported. Some other markup languages supported by
226 ikiwiki mostly work, but some pieces of syntax are not rendered
227 correctly on the slave pages:
229 * [[reStructuredText|rst]]: anonymous hyperlinks and internal
231 * [[wikitext]]: conversion of newlines to paragraphs
232 * [[creole]]: verbatim text is wrapped, tables are broken
233 * [[html]] and LaTeX: not supported yet; the dedicated po4a modules
234 could be used to support them, but they would need a security audit
235 * other markup languages have not been tested.
246 The only past security issues I could find in GNU gettext and po4a
249 - [CVE-2004-0966](http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2004-0966),
250 *i.e.* [Debian bug #278283](http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=278283):
251 the autopoint and gettextize scripts in the GNU gettext package
252 1.14 and later versions, as used in Trustix Secure Linux 1.5
253 through 2.1 and other operating systems, allows local users to
254 overwrite files via a symlink attack on temporary files.
255 - [CVE-2007-4462](http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2007-4462):
256 `lib/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm` in po4a before 0.32 allows local users to
257 overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the
258 gettextization.failed.po temporary file.
260 **FIXME**: check whether this plugin would have been a possible attack
261 vector to exploit these vulnerabilities.
263 Depending on my mood, the lack of found security issues can either
264 indicate that there are none, or reveal that no-one ever bothered to
265 find (and publish) them.
269 Can any sort of directives be put in po files that will cause mischief
270 (ie, include other files, run commands, crash gettext, whatever)?
272 > No [documented](http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#PO-Files)
273 > directive is supposed to do so. [[--intrigeri]]
275 ### Running po4a on untrusted content
277 Are there any security issues on running po4a on untrusted content?
279 To say the least, this issue is not well covered, at least publicly:
281 - the documentation does not talk about it;
282 - grep'ing the source code for `security` or `trust` gives no answer.
284 On the other hand, a po4a developer answered my questions in
285 a convincing manner, stating that processing untrusted content was not
286 an initial goal, and analysing in detail the possible issues.
290 - the core (`Po.pm`, `Transtractor.pm`) should be safe
291 - po4a source code was fully checked for other potential symlink
292 attacks, after discovery of one such issue
293 - the only external program run by the core is `diff`, in `Po.pm` (in
294 parts of its code we don't use)
295 - `Locale::gettext`: only used to display translated error messages
296 - Nicolas François "hopes" `DynaLoader` is safe, and has "no reason to
297 think that `Encode` is not safe"
298 - Nicolas François has "no reason to think that `Encode::Guess` is not
299 safe". The po plugin nevertheless avoids using it by defining the
300 input charset (`file_in_charset`) before asking `Transtractor` to
301 read any file. NB: this hack depends on po4a internals to stay
304 ##### Locale::Po4a modules
306 The modules we want to use have to be checked, as not all are safe
307 (e.g. the LaTeX module's behaviour is changed by commands included in
308 the content); they may use regexps generated from the content.
310 `Chooser.pm` only loads the plugin we tell it too: currently, this
311 means the `Text` module only.
313 `Text` module (I checked the CVS version):
315 - it does not run any external program
316 - only `do_paragraph()` builds regexp's that expand untrusted
317 variables; they seem safe to me, but someone more expert than me
318 will need to check. Joey?
320 > Freaky code, but seems ok due to use of `quotementa`.
326 `Text::WrapI18N` can cause DoS (see the
327 [Debian bug #470250](http://bugs.debian.org/470250)), but it is
328 optional and we do not need the features it provides.
330 > I proposed a patch based on Joey's to po4a-devel, allowing to fully
331 > disable this module's use. When it is merged upstream, we'll need to add
332 > `use Locale::Po4a::Common qw(nowrapi18n)` to `po.pm`, before loading
333 > any other `Locale::Po4a` module. A versioned dependency may be needed.
338 `Term::ReadKey` is not a hard dependency in our case, *i.e.* po4a
339 works nicely without it. But the po4a Debian package recommends
340 `libterm-readkey-perl`, so it will probably be installed on most
341 systems using the po plugin.
343 `Term::ReadKey` has too far reaching implications for us to
344 be able to guarantee anything wrt. security.
346 > The option that disables `Text::WrapI18N` also disables
347 > `Term::ReadKey` as a consequence. [[--intrigeri]]
351 `refreshpofiles()` runs this external program.
353 A po4a developer answered he does "not expect any security issues from
354 it". I did not manage to crash it with `zzuf`, nor was able to find
355 any past security holes.
359 `isvalidpo()` runs this external program.
361 * I could not manage to make it behave badly using zzuf, it exits
362 cleanly when too many errors are detected.
363 * I could not find any past security holes.
369 - a 21M file containing 100 concatenated copies of all the files in my
370 `/usr/share/common-licenses/`; I had no existing PO file or
371 translated versions at hand, which renders these tests
373 - po4a was the Debian 0.34-2 package; the same tests were also run
374 after replacing the `Text` module with the CVS one (the core was not
375 changed in CVS since 0.34-2 was released), without any significant
376 difference in the results.
381 `po4a-gettextize` uses more or less the same po4a features as our
382 `refreshpot` function.
384 Without specifying an input charset, zzuf'ed `po4a-gettextize` quickly
385 errors out, complaining it was not able to detect the input charset;
386 it leaves no incomplete file on disk.
388 So I had to pretend the input was in UTF-8, as does the po plugin.
390 Two ways of crashing were revealed by this command-line:
392 zzuf -vc -s 0:100 -r 0.1:0.5 \
393 po4a-gettextize -f text -o markdown -M utf-8 -L utf-8 \
394 -m LICENSES >/dev/null
398 Malformed UTF-8 character (UTF-16 surrogate 0xdcc9) in substitution iterator at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
399 Malformed UTF-8 character (fatal) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
403 Malformed UTF-8 character (UTF-16 surrogate 0xdcec) in substitution (s///) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
404 Malformed UTF-8 character (fatal) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1443.
406 Perl seems to exit cleanly, and an incomplete PO file is written on
407 disk. I not sure whether if this is a bug in Perl or in `Po.pm`.
409 > It's fairly standard perl behavior when fed malformed utf-8. As long as it doesn't
410 > crash ikiwiki, it's probably acceptable. Ikiwiki can do some similar things itself when fed malformed utf-8 (doesn't crash tho) --[[Joey]]
414 `po4a-translate` uses more or less the same po4a features as our
417 Without specifying an input charset, same behaviour as
418 `po4a-gettextize`, so let's specify UTF-8 as input charset as of now.
421 po4a-translate -d -f text -o markdown -M utf-8 -L utf-8 \
422 -k 0 -m LICENSES -p LICENSES.fr.po -l test.fr
424 ... prints tons of occurences of the following error, but a complete
425 translated document is written (obviously with some weird chars
428 Use of uninitialized value in string ne at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/TransTractor.pm line 854.
429 Use of uninitialized value in string ne at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/TransTractor.pm line 840.
430 Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Locale/Po4a/Po.pm line 1002.
434 zzuf -cv -s 0:10 -r 0.001:0.3 \
435 po4a-translate -d -f text -o markdown -M utf-8 -L utf-8 \
436 -k 0 -m LICENSES -p LICENSES.fr.po -l test.fr
438 ... seems to lose the fight, at the `readpo(LICENSES.fr.po)` step,
439 against some kind of infinite loop, deadlock, or any similar beast.
441 The root of this bug lies in `Text::WrapI18N`, see above for
444 gettext/po4a rough corners
445 --------------------------
447 - fix infinite loop when synchronizing two ikiwiki (when checkouts
448 live in different directories): say bla.fr.po has been updated in
449 repo2; pulling repo2 from repo1 seems to trigger a PO update, that
450 changes bla.fr.po in repo1; then pushing repo1 to repo2 triggers
451 a PO update, that changes bla.fr.po in repo2; etc.; quickly fixed in
452 `629968fc89bced6727981c0a1138072631751fee`, by disabling references
453 in Pot files. Using `Locale::Po4a::write_if_needed` might be
454 a cleaner solution. (warning: this function runs the external
455 `diff` program, have to check security)
456 - new translations created in the web interface must get proper
457 charset/encoding gettext metadata, else the next automatic PO update
458 removes any non-ascii chars; possible solution: put such metadata
459 into the Pot file, and let it propagate; should be fixed in
460 `773de05a7a1ee68d2bed173367cf5e716884945a`, time will tell.
465 ### Page title in links
468 [[bugs/pagetitle_function_does_not_respect_meta_titles]] from
469 [[intrigeri]]'s `meta` branch, the generated links' text is based on
470 the page titles set with the [[meta|plugins/meta]] plugin. This has to
471 be merged into ikiwiki upstream, though.
476 ### Enabling/disabling the plugin
478 - enabling the plugin with `po_translatable_pages` set
479 - enabling the plugin without `po_translatable_pages` set: **OK**
480 - disabling the plugin: **OK**
482 ### Changing the plugin config
484 - adding existing pages to `po_translatable_pages`: **OK**
485 - removing existing pages from `po_translatable_pages`: **OK**
486 - adding a language to `po_slave_languages`: **OK**
487 - removing a language from `po_slave_languages`: **OK**
488 - changing `po_master_language`: **OK**
489 - replacing `po_master_language` with a language previously part of
490 `po_slave_languages`: needs two rebuilds, but **OK** (this is quite
491 a perverse test actually)
493 ### Creating/deleting/renaming pages
495 All cases of master/slave page creation/deletion/rename, both via RCS
496 and via CGI, have been tested.
500 - general test with `usedirs` disabled: **OK**
501 - general test with `indexpages` enabled
502 - general test with `po_link_to=default`
507 Maybe write separate documentation depending on the people it targets:
508 translators, wiki administrators, hackers. This plugin may be complex
509 enough to deserve this.