3 [Git][git] is a distributed revison control system originally developed for
4 the Linux kernel. Ikiwiki supports storing a wiki in git.
6 [git]: http://git.or.cz/
8 Ikiwiki can run as a `post-update` hook to update a wiki whenever commits
9 come in. When running as a [[cgi]] with Git, ikiwiki automatically
10 commits edited pages, and uses the Git history to generate the
11 [[RecentChanges]] page.
13 ## git repository setup
15 The suggested setup for git is a set of repositories setup like a
16 shallow, single level tree, with a bare repository (meaning that it
17 does not have a working tree checked out) at the root, and various
18 working clones (with working directories) as leaf nodes. The root
19 (bare) repository is meant to be pushed to and pulled from the various
22 One of the leaf node clone repositories is special; it has working
23 directory which is used to compile the wiki from, and is also used by the
24 [[cgi]] to commit changes made via the web interface. It is special
25 since the `post-commit` hook for the bare root repository is used to
26 trigger an update of this repository, and then an ikiwiki refresh
27 updates the published wiki itself.
29 The other (optional) leaf node repositories are meant for you to work
30 on, and commit to, changes should then be pushed to the bare root
31 repository. In theory, you could work on the same leaf node repository
32 that ikiwiki uses to compile the wiki from, and the [[cgi]] commits
33 to, as long as you ensure that permissions and ownership don't hinder
34 the working of the [[cgi]]. This can be done, for example, by using
35 ACL's, in practice, it is easier to just setup separate clones for
38 So, to reiterate, when using Git, you probably want to set up three
41 * The root repository. This should be a bare repository (meaning that
42 it does not have a working tree checked out), which the other
43 repositories will push to/pull from. It is a bare repository, since
44 there are problems pushing to a repository that has a working
45 directory. This is called _repository_ in [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s
46 manual page. Nominally, this bare repository has a `post-commit` hook
47 that either is or calls ikiwiki's git wrapper, which changes to the
48 working directory for ikiwiki, does a _git pull_, and refreshes ikiwiki
49 to regenerate the wiki with any new content. The [[setup]] page describes
52 * The second repository is a clone of the bare root repository, and
53 has a working tree which is used as ikiwiki's srcdir for compiling
54 the wiki. **Never** push to this repository. When running as a
55 [[cgi]], the changes are committed to this repository, and pushed to
56 the master repository above. This is called _srcdir_ in
57 [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s manual page.
59 * The other (third, fourth, fifth, sixth -- however many pleases you)
60 repositories are also clones of the bare root repository above --
61 and these have a working directory for you to work on. Use either
62 the `git` transport (if available), or `ssh`. These repositories may
63 be on remote machines, your laptop, whereever you find convenient to
64 hack on your wiki. you can commit local changes to the version on
65 the laptop, perhaps while offline. Any new content should be pushed to the
66 bare master repository when you are ready to publish it, and then
67 the post-commit hook of the bare repository will ensure that the
68 ikiwiki's source directory is updated, and the ikiwiki refreshed
71 Using three or more of repositories isn't the most obvious set up, but
72 it works the best for typical ikiwiki use. [[ikiwiki-makerepo]] can
73 automate setting this up for the common case where there is no
74 pre-existing wiki. [[tips/Laptop_wiki_with_git]] describes a different
75 way to set up ikiwiki and git.
77 It is **paramount** that you **never** push to the non-bare repository
78 ([this FAQ entry explains why](http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#head-b96f48bc9c925074be9f95c0fce69bcece5f6e73)).
79 Instead, clone the bare repository as mentioned above, and push
80 **only** to the bare repository.
82 The ikiwiki `post-commit` hook should be put in the bare repository.
84 ## git repository with multiple committers
86 It can be tricky to get the permissions right to allow multiple people to
87 commit to an ikiwiki git repository. As the [[security]] page mentions,
88 for a secure ikiwiki installation, only one person should be able to write
89 to ikiwiki's srcdir. When other committers make commits, their commits
90 should go to the bare repository, which has a `post-update` hook that uses
91 ikiwiki to pull the changes to the srcdir.
93 One setup that will work is to put all committers in a group (say,
94 "ikiwiki"), and use permissions to allow that group to commit to the bare git
95 repository. Make both the post-update hook and ikiwiki.cgi be setgid
96 to the group, as well as suid to the user who admins the wiki. The
97 `wrappergroup` [[setup_file_option|usage]] can be used to make the wrappers
98 be setgid to the right group. Then the srcdir, including its git
99 repository, should only be writable by the wiki's admin, and *not* by the
100 group. Take care that ikiwiki uses a umask that does not cause files in
101 the srcdir to become group writable. (umask 022 will work.)
103 ## Optionally using a local wiki to preview changes
105 When working on the "working clones" to add content to your wiki,
106 it is common (but optional) practice to preview your changes using a
107 private wiki on the local host before publishing the updates by
108 sending it to the root repository. If you do want to setup a private
109 wiki, you will have to have another setup file and and an ikiwiki
110 installation on your local machine. You will need all the packages
111 this implies -- a web server, git, ikiwiki, etc. However, there is a
112 _caveat_: by default, ikiwiki pulls and pushes from `origin`. This is
113 not ideal for the working clones on the local machine, since you might
114 go through several iterations of a page before pushing to the bare
115 root of the repository tree (and thus publishing it on your public wiki).
116 You do not want the action of refreshing the local wiki in order to
117 review your work to accidentally publish the
118 contents before you are ready. In order to prevent the git push that
119 is the normal behaviour of ikiwiki, set the configuration of the local wiki:
121 gitorigin_branch => "",
122 ## git post-commit wrapper
123 wrapper => "/working/dir/.git/hooks/post-commit",
125 Then just committing should refresh the private ikiwiki on the local
126 host. Now just run `ikiwiki -setup localwiki.setup -getctime` and
127 you should be good to go. (You only need the slow `-getctime` option
128 the first time you run setup.) Use standard git commands to handle
129 pulling from and pushing to the server. **Note**: Currently, after
130 pulling changes from the bare root repository, you will need to
131 manually update the local wiki, with a command such as `ikiwiki
132 -setup localwiki.setup -refresh`. This is because git 1.5.4 doesn't
133 have a hook that is run locally after pulling changes. Newer
134 versions of git will have a `post-merge` hook that should work for
137 ## Fix for error on git pull origin
139 Error message when running git pull origin:
141 You asked me to pull without telling me which branch you
142 want to merge with, and 'branch.master.merge' in
143 your configuration file does not tell me either. Please
144 name which branch you want to merge on the command line and
145 try again (e.g. 'git pull <repository> <refspec>').
146 See git-pull(1) for details on the refspec.
148 If you often merge with the same branch, you may want to
149 configure the following variables in your configuration
152 branch.master.remote = <nickname>
153 branch.master.merge = <remote-ref>
154 remote.<nickname>.url = <url>
155 remote.<nickname>.fetch = <refspec>
157 See git-config(1) for details.
159 The solution is to run this command in your srcdir:
161 git config branch.master.remote origin