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1 #+date: <2022-05-09 18:48:00 +0800>
2 #+filetags: economics finance law Belgium Australia
3 #+title: Monetary policy and mortgage products.
5 In its latest
6 [[https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2022/may/pdf/statement-on-monetary-policy-2022-05.pdf][statement on monetary policy]] ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111153/https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/2022/may/pdf/statement-on-monetary-policy-2022-05.pdf][Internet Archive]]), the Reserve Bank of Australia highlighted that households in
7 Australia have much higher private debt than before. Total private debt
8 is approximately [[https://stats.bis.org/statx/srs/table/f3.1][120% of GDP]] ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20220505031215/https://stats.bis.org/statx/srs/table/f3.1][Internet Archive]]), roughly double Belgium's.
9 [[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-02/rba-will-raise-rates-but-not-to-levels-experts-are-predicting/101029534][Analysts hint this will restrict by how much the central bank will be able to
10 raise the cash rate target]] ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20220509111508/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-02/rba-will-raise-rates-but-not-to-levels-experts-are-predicting/101029534][Internet Archive]]) to battle rising inflation in the near future.
12 Most mortgages in Australia are contracted on a variable rate, or fixed
13 only for the short term. As such, rising interest rates not only affect
14 people taking out new loans - they also affect the amount all other
15 indebted households need to repay. This contrasts with Belgium for
16 instance, where in the first 3 months of 2022
17 [[https://www.febelfin.be/nl/press-room/ook-eerste-trimester-van-2022-record-aan-hypothecaire-kredietverlening][93.5% of mortgage contracts had a fixed term over the entire duration of the
18 contract]] ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20220509115728/https://www.febelfin.be/nl/press-room/ook-eerste-trimester-van-2022-record-aan-hypothecaire-kredietverlening][Internet Archive]]). Only less than 1% of contracts closed in this quarter has a
19 rate varying periodically. This despite strong consumer protections
20 built into the Code of Economic Law
21 [[https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&table_name=wet&cn=2016042201][see art VII.143, ยง 2 to 6 in the Flemish publication]]
22 ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20210617021917/https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=nl&la=N&table_name=wet&cn=2016042201][Internet Archive]]): few of them vary immediately upon changes in the cash rate
23 as the minimum term between changes is at least a year, and the updated
24 interest rate can never exceed twice the original rate.
26 In contrast, Australian mortgages are rarely offered with a fixed
27 interest rate period beyond 2 years - 5 years is practically the most I
28 have seen advertised. Banks can vary the rate at will - they are not
29 mandated to link a change to a variation in the cash rate, nor do they
30 need to stick to that variation. Rates can go as high as the banks want
31 them to go.
33 This is a remarkable difference in the products banks in these countries
34 make available. I wonder to what extent this will influence how high the
35 cash rate will be allowed to rise before politicians will need to step
36 in, if at all they will, and how it may affect the evolution of
37 houseprices in the countries. My current bet: Australian houseprices
38 will decline relative to Belgian ones, and the cash rate won't grow as
39 much. (At the time of writing, the RBA has a target cash rate of 0.35%
40 while ECB still has a target cash rate of 0.00% though.)