Merge commit 'remotes/github/debian-unstable' into slop

[git.ikiwiki.info.git] / doc / plugins / po.mdwn

diff --git a/doc/plugins/po.mdwn b/doc/plugins/po.mdwn
index 044a165b3151d9f5a5619b7eb43a9e3c1d1b0fac..57459c1ef2d9bbcd3ed49cc38db1729d3c441278 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/plugins/po.mdwn
+++ b/doc/plugins/po.mdwn
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ This plugin adds support for multi-lingual wikis, translated with
 gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
 
 It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).
 gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
 
 It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).

+As detailed bellow in the security section, `po4a` is subject to
+denial-of-service attacks before version 0.35.
+
+[[!toc levels=2]]

 
 Introduction
 ============
 
 Introduction
 ============


@@ -12,9 +16,9 @@ Introduction
 A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
 language is a "slave" one.
 
 A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
 language is a "slave" one.
 

-A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page, and is
-written in any supported format but PO. It does not have to be named
-a special way: migration from/to this plugin does not imply heavy
+A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be
+of any page type supported by ikiwiki, except `po`. It does not have to be
+named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page

 renaming work.
 
 Example: `bla/page.mdwn` is a "master" Markdown page written in
 renaming work.
 
 Example: `bla/page.mdwn` is a "master" Markdown page written in


@@ -22,18 +26,27 @@ English; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is rendered as
 `bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
 
 Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called
 `bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
 
 Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called

-a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. PO is now
+a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. `po` is now

 a page type supported by ikiwiki.
 
 Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
 translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
 rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
 
 a page type supported by ikiwiki.
 
 Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
 translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
 rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
 

+(In)Compatibility
+=================
+
+This plugin does not support the `indexpages` mode. If you don't know
+what it is, you probably don't care.
+

 
 Configuration
 =============
 
 
 Configuration
 =============
 

-`po_master_language` is used to set the master language in
+Supported languages
+-------------------
+
+`po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in

 `ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
 
         po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }
 `ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
 
         po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }


@@ -42,7 +55,7 @@ Configuration
 languages, such as:
 
         po_slave_languages => { 'fr' => 'Français',
 languages, such as:
 
         po_slave_languages => { 'fr' => 'Français',

-                                'es' => 'Castellano',
+                                'es' => 'Español',

                                 'de' => 'Deutsch',
         }
 
                                 'de' => 'Deutsch',
         }
 


@@ -53,68 +66,45 @@ The `po_translatable_pages` setting configures what pages are
 translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
 control over what kind of pages are translatable.
 
 translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
 control over what kind of pages are translatable.
 

-The `*.LL.po` translations files are anyway not considered as being
-translatable, so you don't need to worry about excluding them manually
-from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].
+The `.po` files are not considered as being translatable, so you don't need to
+worry about excluding them explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].

 
 Internal links
 --------------
 
 
 Internal links
 --------------
 

-One can use the `po_link_to_` option in `ikiwiki.setup` to choose how
+### Links targets
+
+The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how

 internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
 and site-specific preferences.
 
 internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
 and site-specific preferences.
 

-### Default linking behavior
+#### Default linking behavior

 
 If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
 
 If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default

-linking behavior is preserved: `\[[page]]` links to the master
+linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master

 language's page.
 
 language's page.
 

-### Link to negotiated language
-
-If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
-negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
-
-(In)compatibility notes:
-
-- `po_link_to => negotiated` provides no useful behavior if `usedirs`
-  is disabled; this option combination is neither implemented nor
-  allowed
-- `po_link_to => negotiated` provides no useful behavior if the web
-  server does not support Content Negotiation
-
-### Link to current language
+#### Link to current language

 
 

-If `po_link_to` is set to `current` and the destination page is either
-a translatable page or a translation, `\[[page]]` links to the current
-page's language, *i.e.*:
+If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
+`destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
+available, *i.e.*:

 
 

-- `foo/page/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
-- `foo/page.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled
+* `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
+* `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled

 
 

+#### Link to negotiated language

 
 

-Templates
----------
+If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
+negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.

 
 

-The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display the existing
-translations and/or master page. One typically adds the following code
-to `templates/page.tmpl`:
-
-       <TMPL_IF NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
-       <div id="otherlanguages">
-         <ul>
-         <TMPL_LOOP NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
-           <li>
-             <a href="<TMPL_VAR NAME="URL">"
-                class="is_master_<TMPL_VAR NAME="MASTER">">
-             <TMPL_VAR NAME="LANGUAGE">
-           </a>
-           </li>
-         </TMPL_LOOP>
-         </ul>
-       </div>
-       </TMPL_IF>
+(In)compatibility notes:

 
 

+* if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`
+  to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
+  nor allowed.
+* if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting
+  `po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.

 
 Server support
 ==============
 
 Server support
 ==============


@@ -122,17 +112,19 @@ Server support
 Apache
 ------
 
 Apache
 ------
 

-Using `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache serve the
-page in the client's preferred language, if available. This is the
-default Debian Apache configuration.
+Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
+serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.
+
+Add 'Options MultiViews' to the wiki directory's configuration in Apache.

 
 When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
 the wiki context.
 
 Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME
 
 When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
 the wiki context.
 
 Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME

-language) for the wiki context can be needed, to ensure
+language code) for the wiki context can help to ensure

 `bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.
 `bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.

-**FIXME**: is it still needed with the new `.en.html` naming convention?
+
+For details, see [Apache's documentation](http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/content-negotiation.html).

 
 lighttpd
 --------
 
 lighttpd
 --------


@@ -143,117 +135,191 @@ lighttpd unfortunately does not support content negotiation.
  emulate this?
 
 
  emulate this?
 
 

-TODO
-====
+Usage
+=====

 
 

-Link relationships
-------------------
+Templates
+---------

 
 

-Should pages using the `OTHERLANGUAGES` template loop be declared as
-linking to the same page in other versions?
+When `po_link_to` is not set to `negotiated`, one should replace some
+occurrences of `BASEURL` with `HOMEPAGEURL` to get correct links to
+the wiki homepage.

 
 

-View translation status
------------------------
+The `ISTRANSLATION` and `ISTRANSLATABLE` variables can be used to
+display things only on translatable or translation pages.

 
 

-One should be able to view some information about the translation
-completeness, either for a given page or for the whole wiki.
+### Display page's versions in other languages

 
 

-This should not be too hard using gettext tools. If this is
-implemented as a
-[HTML::Template](http://search.cpan.org/search?mode=dist&query=HTML%3A%3ATemplate)
-loop, a page using it should depend on any "master" and "slave" pages
-whose status is being displayed.
+The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
+versions of the same page, and the translations' status.

 
 

-If it's not too heavy to compute, this status data may be made
-available in the `OTHERLANGUAGES` template loop; else, a dedicated
-loop would be needed.
+An example of its use can be found in the default
+`templates/page.tmpl`. In case you want to customize it, the following
+variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):

 
 

-Automatic PO files update
+* `URL` - url to the page
+* `CODE` - two-letters language code
+* `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
+* `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
+* `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents
+
+### Display the current translation status
+
+The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation
+completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages. It is used by
+the default `templates/page.tmpl`.
+
+Additional PageSpec tests

 -------------------------
 
 -------------------------
 

+This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
+additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
+
+Automatic PO file update
+------------------------
+

 Committing changes to a "master" page:
 
 Committing changes to a "master" page:
 

-1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the supported languages;
-   this is done in the `needsbuild` hook; **FIXME**: the updated PO
-   files must then be put under version control
+1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the "slave" languages;
+   the updated PO files are then put under version control;
+2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages.
+
+Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
+been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
+created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
+
+Discussion pages and other sub-pages
+------------------------------------
+
+Discussion should happen in the language in which the pages are
+written for real, *i.e.* the "master" one. If discussion pages are
+enabled, "slave" pages therefore link to the "master" page's
+discussion page.
+
+Likewise, "slave" pages are not supposed to have sub-pages;
+[[WikiLinks|wikilink]] that appear on a "slave" page therefore link to
+the master page's sub-pages.
+
+Translating
+-----------
+
+One can edit the PO files using ikiwiki's CGI (a message-by-message
+interface could also be implemented at some point).

 
 

-2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages: this is
-   achieved by making any "slave" page dependent on the corresponding
-   "master" page, in the `needsbuild` hook.
+If [[tips/untrusted_git_push]] is setup, one can edit the PO files in one's
+preferred `$EDITOR`, without needing to be online.

 
 

-**FIXME** Also, when the plugin has just been enabled:
+Markup languages support
+------------------------

 
 

-- all the needed POT and PO files have to be created
-- the PO files must be checked into version control
+[[Markdown|mdwn]] is well supported. Some other markup languages supported
+by ikiwiki mostly work, but some pieces of syntax are not rendered
+correctly on the slave pages:

 
 

-**FIXME** `refreshpofiles` uses `system()`, whose args have to be
-checked more thoroughly to prevent any security issue (command
-injection, etc.).
+* [[reStructuredText|rst]]: anonymous hyperlinks and internal
+  cross-references
+* [[wikitext]]: conversion of newlines to paragraphs
+* [[creole]]: verbatim text is wrapped, tables are broken
+* [[html]] and LaTeX: not supported yet; the dedicated po4a modules
+  could be used to support them, but they would need a security audit
+* other markup languages have not been tested.

 
 

-UI consistency: rename "Edit" button on slave pages
----------------------------------------------------
+Security
+========

 
 

-It may be surprising to some, after having pressed *Edit* on a wiki
-page, to end up editing a strange looking PO file. The *Edit* button
-displayed on "slave" pages must therefore be renamed *Improve
-translation* .
+[[po/discussion]] contains a detailed security analysis of this plugin
+and its dependencies.

 
 

-Pages selection depending on language
--------------------------------------
+When using po4a older than 0.35, it is recommended to uninstall
+`Text::WrapI18N` (Debian package `libtext-wrapi18n-perl`), in order to
+avoid a potential denial of service.

 
 

-To improve user navigation in a multi-lingual wiki, site developers
-must be enabled to write:
+TODO
+====
+
+Better links
+------------

 
 

-        \[[!map pages="dev/* and lang(LL)" feeds="no"]]
+Once the fix to
+[[bugs/pagetitle_function_does_not_respect_meta_titles]] from
+[[intrigeri]]'s `meta` branch is merged into ikiwiki upstream, the
+generated links' text will be optionally based on the page titles set
+with the [[meta|plugins/meta]] plugin, and will thus be translatable.
+It will also allow displaying the translation status in links to slave
+pages. Both were implemented, and reverted in commit
+ea753782b222bf4ba2fb4683b6363afdd9055b64, which should be reverted
+once [[intrigeri]]'s `meta` branch is merged.

 
 

-        \[[!map pages="dev/* and currentlang()" feeds="no"]]
+An integration branch, called `meta-po`, merges [[intrigeri]]'s `po`
+and `meta` branches, and thus has this additional features.

 
 

-Translation quality assurance
------------------------------
+Language display order
+----------------------
+
+Jonas pointed out that one might want to control the order that links to
+other languages are listed, for various reasons. Currently, there is no
+order, as `po_slave_languages` is a hash. It would need to be converted
+to an array to support this. (If twere done, twere best done quickly.)
+--[[Joey]] 
+
+Pagespecs
+---------

 
 

-Modifying a PO file via the CGI must only be allowed if the new
-version is a valid PO file. As a bonus, check that it provides a more
-complete translation than the existing one.
+I was suprised that, when using the map directive, a pagespec of "*"
+listed all the translated pages as well as regular pages. That can 
+make a big difference to an existing wiki when po is turned on,
+and seems generally not wanted.
+(OTOH, you do want to match translated pages by
+default when locking pages.) --[[Joey]]

 
 

-A new `cansave` type of hook would be needed to implement this.
+Edit links on untranslated pages
+--------------------------------

 
 

-Note: committing to the underlying repository is a way to bypass
-this check.
+If a page is not translated yet, the "translated" version of it
+displays wikilinks to other, existing (but not yet translated?)
+pages as edit links, as if those pages do not exist. 

 
 

-Translating online
-------------------
+That's really confusing, especially as clicking such a link
+brings up an edit form to create a new, english page.

 
 

-As PO is a wiki page type, we already have an online PO editor, that
-is ikiwiki's CGI.
+This is with po_link_to=current or negotiated. With default, it doesn't
+happen.. 

 
 

-A message-by-message interface could also be implemented at some
-point; a nice way to do offline translation work (without VCS access)
-still has to be offered, though.
+Also, this may only happen if the page being linked to is coming from an
+underlay, and the underlays lack translation to a given language.
+--[[Joey]] 

 
 

-Translating offline without VCS access
---------------------------------------
+Double commits of po files
+--------------------------

 
 

-The following workflow should be made possible for translators without
-VCS access who need to edit the PO files in another editor than a web
-browser:
+When adding a new english page, the po files are created, committed,
+and then committed again. The second commit makes this change:

 
 

-- download the page's PO file
-- use any PO editor to update the translation
-- upload the updated PO file
+       -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+       -"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+       +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+       +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\n"
+
+Same thing happens when a change to an existing page triggers a po file
+update. --[[Joey]] 
+
+Ugly messages with empty files
+------------------------------
+
+If there are empty .mdwn files, the po plugin displays some ugly messages.
+
+Translation of directives
+-------------------------

 
 

-Implementation note: a generic mechanism to upload a page's source is
-needed: it's only an alternative way to allow saving a the modified
-page's source with the CGI.
+If a translated page contains a directive, it may expand to some english
+text, or text in whatever single language ikiwiki is configured to "speak".

 
 

-### Short-term workflow
+Maybe there could be a way to switch ikiwiki to speaking another language
+when building a non-english page? Then the directives would get translated.

 
 

-A possible workaround is:
+Documentation
+-------------

 
 

-- pretend to edit the PO file online
-- copy the PO file content from the textarea
-- cancel the edit
-- paste the content into a local file.
-- edit the local file in any PO editor
-- pretend to edit the PO file online
-- paste the modified local file's content into the edit textarea
-- save
+Maybe write separate documentation depending on the people it targets:
+translators, wiki administrators, hackers. This plugin may be complex
+enough to deserve this.