-[[meta title="Git"]]
+[[!meta title="Git"]]
[Git][git] is a distributed revison control system originally developed for
the Linux kernel. Ikiwiki supports storing a wiki in git.
does not have a working tree checked out) at the root, and various
working clones (with working directories) as leaf nodes. The root
(bare) repository is meant to be pushed to and pulled from the various
-working clones. The image below displays the relationship between the
-root repository and the clone repositories (this is not a directory
-layout):
-
-
+working clones.
One of the leaf node clone repositories is special; it has working
-directory which is used to compile the wiki from, and is also used by the
+directory which is used to compile the wiki, and is also used by the
[[cgi]] to commit changes made via the web interface. It is special
-since the `post-commit` hook for the bare root repository is used to
+since the `post-update` hook for the bare root repository is used to
trigger an update of this repository, and then an ikiwiki refresh
updates the published wiki itself.
The other (optional) leaf node repositories are meant for you to work
on, and commit to, changes should then be pushed to the bare root
-repository. In theory, you could work on the same leaf node repository
-that ikiwiki uses to compile the wiki from, and the [[cgi]] commits
-to, as long as you ensure that permissions and ownership don't hinder
-the working of the [[cgi]]. This can be done, for example, by using
-ACL's, in practice, it is easier to just setup separate clones for
-yourself.
+repository.
So, to reiterate, when using Git, you probably want to set up three
repositories:
* The root repository. This should be a bare repository (meaning that
it does not have a working tree checked out), which the other
repositories will push to/pull from. It is a bare repository, since
- there are problems pushing to a repository that has a working
+ git does not support pushing to a repository that has a working
directory. This is called _repository_ in [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s
- manual page.
-
- Nominally, this bare repository has a `post-commit` hook that either
- is or calls ikiwiki's git wrapper, which changes to the working
- directory for ikiwiki, does a _git pull_, and refreshes ikiwiki to
- regenerate the wiki with any new content.
+ manual page. This bare repository has a `post-update` hook
+ that either is or calls ikiwiki's git wrapper, which changes to the
+ working directory for ikiwiki, does a `git pull`, and refreshes ikiwiki
+ to regenerate the wiki with any new content. The [[setup]] page describes
+ how to do this.
- The configuration sections below show how to let the post-commit
- hook be replaced by the ikiwiki git wrapper.
* The second repository is a clone of the bare root repository, and
has a working tree which is used as ikiwiki's srcdir for compiling
- the wiki. **Never** push to this repository. When running as a
- [[cgi]], the changes are committed to this repository, and pushed to
- the master repository above. This is called _srcdir_ in
- [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s manual page.
+ the wiki. **Never** push to this repository. It is wise to not make
+ changes or commits directly to this repository, to avoid conflicting
+ with ikiwiki's own changes. When running as a [[cgi]], the changes
+ are committed to this repository, and pushed to the master repository
+ above. This is called _srcdir_ in [[ikiwiki-makerepo]]'s manual page.
+
* The other (third, fourth, fifth, sixth -- however many pleases you)
repositories are also clones of the bare root repository above --
and these have a working directory for you to work on. Use either
the `git` transport (if available), or `ssh`. These repositories may
- be on remote machines, your laptop, whereever you find convenient to
- hack on your wiki. you can commit local changes to the version on
- the laptop, perhaps while offline. You can browse and edit the wiki
- using a local web server. Any new content should be pushed to the
+ be on remote machines, your laptop, wherever you find convenient to
+ hack on your wiki. You can commit local changes to the version on
+ the laptop, perhaps while offline. Any new content should be pushed to the
bare master repository when you are ready to publish it, and then
- the post-commit hook of the bare repository will ensure that the
+ the post-update hook of the bare repository will ensure that the
ikiwiki's source directory is updated, and the ikiwiki refreshed
with the new content.
Instead, clone the bare repository as mentioned above, and push
**only** to the bare repository.
-The ikiwiki `post-commit` hook should be put in the bare repository.
+The ikiwiki `post-update` hook should be put in the bare repository.
## git repository with multiple committers
commit to an ikiwiki git repository. As the [[security]] page mentions,
for a secure ikiwiki installation, only one person should be able to write
to ikiwiki's srcdir. When other committers make commits, their commits
-should go to the bare repository, which has a `post-update` hook that uses
-ikiwiki to pull the changes to the srcdir.
+should be pushed to the bare repository, which has a `post-update` hook
+that uses ikiwiki to pull the changes to the srcdir.
One setup that will work is to put all committers in a group (say,
"ikiwiki"), and use permissions to allow that group to commit to the bare git
group. Take care that ikiwiki uses a umask that does not cause files in
the srcdir to become group writable. (umask 022 will work.)
-## Configuration
-
-### Ikiwiki working directory
-
-* Configure a cgi wrapper as usual, but configure the git wrapper to
- be written to the post-commit hook of the bare root repository. Set
- in the configuration:
-
- gitorigin_branch=> "origin",
- ## git post-commit wrapper
- wrapper => "/path/to/bare/repo/.git/hooks/post-commit",
-
-
-
-### Working clones (Clone 1 .. N in the image)
-
-These are repositories usually setup to avoid permission problems with
-the working directory used by ikiwiki itself. They also represent the
-most convenient way to add content to the wiki on a different machine
-(that is, not the machine the wiki is published on) which is more
-convenient.
-
-The use case for these clones is this: If you want to edit your wiki
-on your development box, or on your laptop, you usually set up a clone
-as above. But very often, you also want to test what the changes look
-like, locally, before pushing it to the root repository and publishing
-the wiki for the world to see.
-
-In order to do this, you should another setup file and setup a private
-ikiwiki on the local machine (your laptop, for instance) where you do
-most of your editing. You will also need to set up a webserver, and
-install ikiwiki on this machine. Only when you are happy with any
-changes do you push them to the root repository.
-
-Here are some things to be aware of when configuring ikiwiki on the
-local machine:
-
-* By default, ikiwiki pulls and pushes from `origin`. This is not
- ideal for the working clones on the local machine, since you might
- go through several iterations of a page before pushing to the bare
- root of the repository tree and publishing it on your public
- wiki. In the configuration, set:
-
- gitorigin_branch => "",
- ## git post-commit wrapper
- wrapper => "/working/dir/.git/hooks/post-commit",
-
- Then just committing should refresh the private ikiwiki on the local
- host.
-
-* You can optionally enable to the [[plugins/mirrorlist]] plugin,
- and configure it so that each page links to the corresponding page on the
- server.
-
-Now just run `ikiwiki -setup wiki.setup -getctime` and you should be
-good to go. (You only need the slow `-getctime` option the first time you
-run setup.)
-
-Use standard git commands to handle pulling from and pushing to the server.
-
-Note: Currently, after pulling changes, you will need to manually update
-the wiki, with a command such as `ikiwiki -setup wiki.setup -refresh`. This
-is because git 1.5.4 doesn't have a hook that is run locally after pulling
-changes. Newer versions of git will have a `post-merge` hook that should
-work for this purpose.
+## git repository with untrusted committers
+
+By default, anyone who can commit to the git repository can modify any file
+on the wiki however they like. A `pre-receive` hook can be set up to limit
+incoming commits from untrusted users. Then the same limits that are placed
+on edits via the web will be in effect for commits to git for the users.
+They will not be allowed to edit locked pages, they will only be able to
+delete pages that the [[plugins/remove]] configuration allows them to
+remove, and they will only be allowed to add non-page attachments that the
+[[plugins/attachment]] configuration allows.
+
+To enable this, you need to set up the git repository to have multiple
+committers. Trusted committers, including the user that ikiwiki runs as,
+will not have their commits checked by the `pre-receive` hook. Untrusted
+committers will have their commits checked. The configuration settings to
+enable are `git_test_receive_wrapper`, which enables generation of a
+`pre-receive` hook, and `untrusted_committers`, which is a list of
+usernames of the untrusted committers.
+
+Note that when the `pre-receive` hook is checking incoming changes, it
+ignores the git authorship information, and uses the username of the unix
+user who made the commit. Then tests including the `locked_pages` [[PageSpec]]
+are checked to see if that user can edit the pages in the commit.
+
+You can even set up an [[anonymous_user|tips/untrusted_git_push]], to allow
+anyone to push changes in via git rather than using the web interface.
+
+## Optionally using a local wiki to preview changes
+
+When working on the "working clones" to add content to your wiki,
+it is common (but optional) practice to preview your changes using a
+private wiki on the local host before publishing the updates by
+sending it to the root repository. If you do want to setup a private
+wiki, you will have to have another setup file and and an ikiwiki
+installation on your local machine. You will need all the packages
+this implies -- a web server, git, ikiwiki, etc. However, there is a
+_caveat_: by default, ikiwiki pulls and pushes from `origin`. This is
+not ideal for the working clones on the local machine, since you might
+go through several iterations of a page before pushing to the bare
+root of the repository tree (and thus publishing it on your public wiki).
+You do not want the action of refreshing the local wiki in order to
+review your work to accidentally publish the
+contents before you are ready. In order to prevent the git push that
+is the normal behaviour of ikiwiki, set the configuration of the local wiki:
+
+ gitorigin_branch => "",
+ ## git post-commit wrapper
+ git_wrapper => "/working/dir/.git/hooks/post-commit",
+
+Then just committing should refresh the private ikiwiki on the local
+host. Now just run `ikiwiki -setup localwiki.setup -getctime` and
+you should be good to go. (You only need the slow `-getctime` option
+the first time you run setup.) Use standard git commands to handle
+pulling from and pushing to the server. **Note**: Currently, after
+pulling changes from the bare root repository, you will need to
+manually update the local wiki, with a command such as `ikiwiki
+-setup localwiki.setup -refresh`. This is because git 1.5.4 doesn't
+have a hook that is run locally after pulling changes. Newer
+versions of git will have a `post-merge` hook that should work for
+this purpose.
+
+## Fix for error on git pull origin
+
+Error message when running git pull origin:
+
+ You asked me to pull without telling me which branch you
+ want to merge with, and 'branch.master.merge' in
+ your configuration file does not tell me either. Please
+ name which branch you want to merge on the command line and
+ try again (e.g. 'git pull <repository> <refspec>').
+ See git-pull(1) for details on the refspec.
+
+ If you often merge with the same branch, you may want to
+ configure the following variables in your configuration
+ file:
+
+ branch.master.remote = <nickname>
+ branch.master.merge = <remote-ref>
+ remote.<nickname>.url = <url>
+ remote.<nickname>.fetch = <refspec>
+
+ See git-config(1) for details.
+
+The solution is to run this command in your srcdir:
+
+ git config branch.master.remote origin