Merge branch 'fancypodcast' of github.com:schmonz/ikiwiki into fancypodcast

[git.ikiwiki.info.git] / doc / plugins / po.mdwn

diff --git a/doc/plugins/po.mdwn b/doc/plugins/po.mdwn
index 2c46a80edc09830dca2d4e4b742148b4ff0ca662..b7c1582ca4e1348cef265f06ddbf0579389772c4 100644 (file)
--- a/doc/plugins/po.mdwn
+++ b/doc/plugins/po.mdwn
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ This plugin adds support for multi-lingual wikis, translated with
 gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
 
 It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).
 gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
 
 It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).

+As detailed bellow in the security section, `po4a` is subject to
+denial-of-service attacks before version 0.35.
+
+[[!toc levels=2]]

 
 Introduction
 ============
 
 Introduction
 ============


@@ -13,7 +17,7 @@ A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
 language is a "slave" one.
 
 A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be
 language is a "slave" one.
 
 A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be

-of any page type supported by ikiwiki, but PO. It does not have to be
+of any page type supported by ikiwiki, except `po`. It does not have to be

 named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page
 renaming work.
 
 named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page
 renaming work.
 


@@ -22,13 +26,19 @@ English; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is rendered as
 `bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
 
 Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called
 `bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
 
 Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called

-a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. PO is now
+a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. `po` is now

 a page type supported by ikiwiki.
 
 Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
 translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
 rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
 
 a page type supported by ikiwiki.
 
 Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
 translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
 rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
 

+(In)Compatibility
+=================
+
+This plugin does not support the `indexpages` mode. If you don't know
+what it is, you probably don't care.
+

 
 Configuration
 =============
 
 Configuration
 =============


@@ -39,15 +49,15 @@ Supported languages
 `po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in
 `ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
 
 `po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in
 `ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
 

-        po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }
+        po_master_language: en|English

 
 `po_slave_languages` is used to set the list of supported "slave"
 languages, such as:
 
 
 `po_slave_languages` is used to set the list of supported "slave"
 languages, such as:
 

-        po_slave_languages => { 'fr' => 'Français',
-                                'es' => 'Castellano',
-                                'de' => 'Deutsch',
-        }
+        po_slave_languages:
+         - fr|Français
+         - es|Español
+         - de|Deutsch

 
 Decide which pages are translatable
 -----------------------------------
 
 Decide which pages are translatable
 -----------------------------------


@@ -56,46 +66,46 @@ The `po_translatable_pages` setting configures what pages are
 translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
 control over what kind of pages are translatable.
 
 translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
 control over what kind of pages are translatable.
 

-The PO translations files are anyway not considered as being
-translatable, so you don't need to worry about excluding them
-explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].
+The `.po` files are not considered as being translatable, so you don't need to
+worry about excluding them explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].

 
 Internal links
 --------------
 
 
 Internal links
 --------------
 

+### Links targets
+

 The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how
 internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
 and site-specific preferences.
 
 The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how
 internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
 and site-specific preferences.
 

-### Default linking behavior
+#### Default linking behavior

 
 If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
 linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master
 language's page.
 
 
 If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
 linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master
 language's page.
 

-### Link to current language
+#### Link to current language

 
 If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
 `destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
 available, *i.e.*:
 
 
 If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
 `destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
 available, *i.e.*:
 

-- `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
-- `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled
+* `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
+* `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled

 
 

-### Link to negotiated language
+#### Link to negotiated language

 
 If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
 negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
 
 (In)compatibility notes:
 
 
 If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
 negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
 
 (In)compatibility notes:
 

-- if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`
+* if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`

   to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
   nor allowed.
   to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
   nor allowed.

-- if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting
+* if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting

   `po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.
 
   `po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.
 

-

 Server support
 ==============
 
 Server support
 ==============
 


@@ -104,23 +114,28 @@ Apache
 
 Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
 serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.
 
 Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
 serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.

-This is the default Debian Apache configuration.

 
 

-When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
-the wiki context.
+Add 'Options MultiViews' to the wiki directory's configuration in Apache.
+
+When `usedirs` is enabled, you should also set `DirectoryIndex index`.

 
 

-Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME
-language code) for the wiki context can help to ensure
-`bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.
+These settings are also recommended, in order to avoid serving up rss files
+as index pages:
+
+       AddType application/rss+xml;qs=0.8 .rss
+       AddType application/atom+xml;qs=0.8 .atom
+
+For details, see [Apache's documentation](http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/content-negotiation.html).

 
 lighttpd
 --------
 
 
 lighttpd
 --------
 

-lighttpd unfortunately does not support content negotiation.
+Recent versions of lighttpd should be able to use
+`$HTTP["language"]` to configure the translated pages to be served.

 
 

-**FIXME**: does `mod_magnet` provide the functionality needed to
- emulate this?
+See [Lighttpd Issue](http://redmine.lighttpd.net/issues/show/1119)

 
 

+TODO: Example

 
 Usage
 =====
 
 Usage
 =====


@@ -128,40 +143,36 @@ Usage
 Templates
 ---------
 
 Templates
 ---------
 

+When `po_link_to` is not set to `negotiated`, one should replace some
+occurrences of `BASEURL` with `HOMEPAGEURL` to get correct links to
+the wiki homepage.
+
+The `ISTRANSLATION` and `ISTRANSLATABLE` variables can be used to
+display things only on translatable or translation pages.
+
+The `LANG_CODE` and `LANG_NAME` variables can respectively be used to
+display the current page's language code and pretty name.
+

 ### Display page's versions in other languages
 
 The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
 versions of the same page, and the translations' status.
 
 ### Display page's versions in other languages
 
 The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
 versions of the same page, and the translations' status.
 

-One typically adds the following code to `templates/page.tmpl`:
-
-       <TMPL_IF NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
-       <div id="otherlanguages">
-         <ul>
-         <TMPL_LOOP NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
-           <li>
-             <a href="<TMPL_VAR NAME="URL">"><TMPL_VAR NAME="LANGUAGE"></a>
-             <TMPL_UNLESS NAME="MASTER">
-               (<TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENT">&nbsp;%)
-             </TMPL_UNLESS>
-           </li>
-         </TMPL_LOOP>
-         </ul>
-       </div>
-       </TMPL_IF>
-
-The following variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):
-
-- `URL` - url to the page
-- `CODE` - two-letters language code
-- `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
-- `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
-- `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents
+An example of its use can be found in the default
+`templates/page.tmpl`. In case you want to customize it, the following
+variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):
+
+* `URL` - url to the page
+* `CODE` - two-letters language code
+* `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
+* `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
+* `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents

 
 ### Display the current translation status
 
 The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation
 
 ### Display the current translation status
 
 The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation

-completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages.
+completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages. It is used by
+the default `templates/page.tmpl`.

 
 Additional PageSpec tests
 -------------------------
 
 Additional PageSpec tests
 -------------------------


@@ -169,90 +180,81 @@ Additional PageSpec tests
 This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
 additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
 
 This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
 additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
 

-Automatic PO files update
--------------------------
+Automatic PO file update
+------------------------

 
 Committing changes to a "master" page:
 
 
 Committing changes to a "master" page:
 

-1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the supported languages
-   (this is done in the `needsbuild` hook); the updated PO files are
-   then put under version control
-2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages (this is
-   achieved by making any "slave" page dependent on the corresponding
-   "master" page, in the `needsbuild` hook)
+1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the "slave" languages;
+   the updated PO files are then put under version control;
+2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages.

 
 Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
 been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
 created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
 
 
 Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
 been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
 created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
 

-TODO
-====
-
-OTHERLANGUAGES dependencies
----------------------------
+Discussion pages and other sub-pages
+------------------------------------

 
 

-Pages using `OTHERLANGUAGES` must depend on any "master" and "slave"
-pages whose status is being displayed. It will trigger dependency
-loops; how to sort this out?
+Discussion should happen in the language in which the pages are
+written for real, *i.e.* the "master" one. If discussion pages are
+enabled, "slave" pages therefore link to the "master" page's
+discussion page.

 
 

-Should pages using the `OTHERLANGUAGES` template loop be declared as
-linking to the same page in other versions? To be rigorous, they
-should, but this may clutter the backlinks.
+Likewise, "slave" pages are not supposed to have sub-pages;
+[[WikiLinks|ikiwiki/wikilink]] that appear on a "slave" page therefore link to
+the master page's sub-pages.

 
 

-Security checks
----------------
+Translating
+-----------

 
 

-- `refreshpofiles` uses `system()`, whose args have to be checked more
-  thoroughly to prevent any security issue (command injection, etc.).
-- `refreshpofiles` and `refreshpot` create new files; this may need
-  some checks, e.g. using `IkiWiki::prep_writefile()`
+One can edit the PO files using ikiwiki's CGI (a message-by-message
+interface could also be implemented at some point).

 
 

-Translation quality assurance
------------------------------
+If [[tips/untrusted_git_push]] is setup, one can edit the PO files in one's
+preferred `$EDITOR`, without needing to be online.

 
 

-Modifying a PO file via the CGI must be forbidden if the new version
-is not a valid PO file. As a bonus, check that it provides a more
-complete translation than the existing one.
+Markup languages support
+------------------------

 
 

-A new `cansave` type of hook would be needed to implement this.
+[[Markdown|mdwn]] and [[html]] are well supported. Some other markup
+languages supported by ikiwiki mostly work, but some pieces of syntax
+are not rendered correctly on the slave pages:

 
 

-Note: committing to the underlying repository is a way to bypass
-this check.
+* [[reStructuredText|rst]]: anonymous hyperlinks and internal
+  cross-references
+* [[wikitext]]: conversion of newlines to paragraphs
+* [[creole]]: verbatim text is wrapped, tables are broken
+* LaTeX: not supported yet; the dedicated po4a module
+  could be used to support it, but it would need a security audit
+* other markup languages have not been tested.

 
 

-Translating online
-------------------
-
-As PO is a wiki page type, we already have an online PO editor, that
-is ikiwiki's CGI.
+Renaming a page
+---------------

 
 

-A message-by-message interface could also be implemented at some
-point; a nice way to do offline translation work (without VCS access)
-still has to be offered, though.
+A translatable page may be renamed using the web interface and the
+[[rename plugin|plugins/rename]], or using the VCS directly; in
+the latter case, *both* the "master" page and every corresponding
+`.po` file must be renamed in the same commit.

 
 

-Translating offline without VCS access
---------------------------------------
+Security
+========

 
 

-The following workflow should be made possible for translators without
-VCS access who need to edit the PO files in another editor than a web
-browser:
+[[po/discussion]] contains a detailed security analysis of this plugin
+and its dependencies.

 
 

-- download the page's PO file
-- use any PO editor to update the translation
-- upload the updated PO file
+When using po4a older than 0.35, it is recommended to uninstall
+`Text::WrapI18N` (Debian package `libtext-wrapi18n-perl`), in order to
+avoid a potential denial of service.

 
 

-Implementation note: a generic mechanism to upload a page's source is
-needed: it's only an alternative way to allow saving a the modified
-page's source with the CGI.
+BUGS
+====

 
 

-### Short-term workflow
+[[!inline pages="bugs/po:* and !bugs/done and !link(bugs/done) and !bugs/*/*"
+feeds=no actions=no archive=yes show=0]]

 
 

-A possible workaround is:
+TODO
+====

 
 

-- pretend to edit the PO file online
-- copy the PO file content from the textarea
-- cancel the edit
-- paste the content into a local file.
-- edit the local file in any PO editor
-- pretend to edit the PO file online
-- paste the modified local file's content into the edit textarea
-- save
+[[!inline pages="todo/po:* and !todo/done and !link(todo/done) and !todo/*/*"
+feeds=no actions=no archive=yes show=0]]